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UST ABSN Pathopharmacology 1 already graded A+ 2024/2025
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UST ABSN Pathopharmacology 1 already graded A+ 2024/2025
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UST ABSN Pathopharmacology 1A drug is any chemical that can affect living processes - ANSHow do you define the word drug?
Pharmacology can be defined as the study of drugs and their interaction with living things -
ANSDefine pharmacology
study of effect of drugs in man (as compared to animals or comparative pharmacology -
ANSDefine clinical pharmacology
also known as therapeutics, pharmacotherapeutics emphasizes the disease state and its
characteristics including therapy for and use of drugs in prevention and treatment of condition -
ANSwhat are pharmacotherapeutics?
Drugs used to destroy or eliminate pathogenic cells or organisms. The term is usually restricted
to anti-infectives and cancer chemotherapy. - ANSwhat are chemotherapeutic agents?
Toxicology deals with the effects of drugs. Toxicity is measured through the Therapeutic Index. -
ANSwhat is toxicology and how do we measure a drugs toxicity?
therapeutic index is a ratio that measures toxicity. The ratio is found by putting the dose
*capable of killing 50% of animals (LD50) over than required to acheive a beneficial effect in
50% of animals (ED50).
In clinical practice the THERAPEUTIC INDEX is described as the ratio of the dose that causes
toxicity over the dose that provides therapeutic effect. - ANSWhat is the therapeutic index?
Tolerance is the hyporeactivity that occurring from chronic exposure to a drug. Achievement of
the same effects of the drug requires larger and larger doses. - ANSwhat is tolerance?
Cross tolerance may happen when tolerance occurs across drugs of the same class or across
drugs that have the same pharmacological effects - ANSWhat is cross tolerance and how does
it occur?
Tolerance to opioids, barbiturates, and alcohol - ANSwhat are some examples of neurological
adaptation/ cellular tolerance to drugs?
metabolic drug tolerance occurs when the body has an increased rate of elimination of the drug.
- ANSWhat is metabolic drug tolerance?
enzyme induction which occurs when there is an increased activity of enzymes (the drug
transport system) - ANSwhat is the most common form of metabolic tolerance?
, pharmacodynamic processes determine the nature and intensity of the response. It is
essentially the effect of the drug ON the body.
EX: Target Organ, receptors, proteins, physiological effect etc. - ANSWhat is
pharmacodynamics?
Pharmacokinetic processes determine how much of an admin- istered dose gets to its sites of
action. There are four major pharmacokinetic processes: (1) drug absorption, (2) drug
distribution, (3) drug metabolism, and (4) drug excretion. *These processes can be thought of as
the impact of the body on drugs* - ANSWhat is pharmacokinetics?
what are the four major pharmacokinetic processes?
Down regulation - ANSwhat type of tolerance occurs when there is a decrease in the number, or
decrease in the sensitivity, of receptor sites?
betablockers - ANSwhat kind of drugs block receptors?
Betablockers block receptors resulting in increased the sensitivity of receptors. This is known as
Up Regulation - ANSThe use of betablockers can also cause a change in the sensitivity of
receptors. What is this caused and how does it occur?
Tachyphylaxis is a tolerance that develops acutely with only a few doses of a drug - ANSDefine
the term tachyphylaxis?
Idiosyncrasy describes an unexpected, abnormal, or peculiar reaction to a drug. - ANSwhat is
idiosyncrasy?
no, adverse effects can occur regardless of the dosage level - ANSIs dosing a factor in patients
that experience idiosyncrasy?
side effect describes any action of the drug other than the intended therapeutic effects.
sometimes side effect, adverse effect, and untoward effect are used synonymously - ANSwhat
is a Side effect? synonyms for side effect that are commonly used in practice?
Toxic effects (usually expected - ANSdefine a toxic effect?
The world health organization defines Adverse reaction as any noxious, unintended and
undesired effect that occurs as NORMAL drug dose - ANSDefine adverse reaction
the same the as an adverse or side effect - ANSWhat is untoward effect?
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