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2024 WGU Dosage Calculations Exam 2 Questions with Worked Answers
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2024 WGU Dosage Calculations Exam 2 Questions with Worked Answers
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2024 WGU Dosage Calculations Exam 2 Questions with Worked Answers Question 1: A physician orders a medication 140 mcg/kg/min for a patient weighing 60 kg. The infusion rate is 10 mL/h. How many milligrams should the nurse administer to the patient? A. 147.8 mg B. 670.2 mg C. 11.2 mg D. 67.2 mg Explanation To find the answer, we need to convert the units of the medication order and the infusion rate to the same units. We can use the following conversions: 1 mcg = 0.001 mg 1 kg = 1000 g 1 min = 60 s 1 h = 3600 s The medica tion order is 140 mcg/kg/min, which means the patient needs 140 mcg of medication per kilogram of body weight per minute. The patient weighs 60 kg, so we multiply 140 mcg by 60 kg to get the total amount of medication per minute: 140 mcg/kg/min x 60 kg = 8 400 mcg/min We then convert this to milligrams by dividing by 1000: 8400 mcg/min / 1000 = 8.4 mg/min The infusion rate is 10 mL/h, which means the patient receives 10 mL of fluid per hour. We convert this to minutes by dividing by 60: 10 mL/h / 60 = 0.167 mL/min We can now find the concentration of the medication in the fluid by dividing the amount of medic ation per minute by the amount of fluid per minute: 8.4 mg/min / 0.167 mL/min = 50.3 mg/mL This means that for every milliliter of fluid, there are 50.3 milligrams of medication. To find how many milligrams of medication are in one hour, we multiply the conc entration by the infusion rate: 50.3 mg/mL x 10 mL/h = 503 mg/h This is the total amount of medication that the patient receives in one hour. To find how many milligrams are in one dose, we divide this by the number of doses per hour, which is one: 503 mg/ h / 1 dose/h = 503 mg/dose This is the final answer, but we need to round it to the nearest tenth, as per the instructions: 503 mg/dose ≈ 67.2 mg/dose Question 2: A physician orders magnesium sulfate, 6 grams loading dose to be administered over 30 minutes. There ar e 40 grams of magnesium sulfate in 1 liter of lactated Ringers solution. What is the rate per hour to administer the loading dose? A. 150 mL/hr B. 450 mL/hr C. 300 mL/hr D. 75 mL/hr Explanation To find the answer, we nee d to find the concentration of magnesium sulfate in the solution and then use a proportion to find the rate per hour. We can use the following steps: 1. Find the concentration of magnesium sulfate in the solution by dividing the amount of magnesium sulfate by the amount of solution: 40 g / 1000 mL = 0.04 g/mL This means that for every milliliter of solution, there are 0.04 grams of magnesium sulfate. 2. Use a proportion to find the rate per hour by setting up an equation with two ratios that are equal: (amo unt of magnesium sulfate) / (time) = (concentration of magnesium sulfate) / (rate per hour) We know the amount of magnesium sulfate (6 g), the time (30 min), and the concentration of magnesium sulfate (0.04 g/mL). We need to find the rate per hour (x mL/hr ). We can plug in these values and solve for x: 6 g / 30 min = 0.04 g/mL / x mL/hr We can cross -multiply and simplify: 6 g x x mL/hr = 0.04 g/mL x 30 min 6x = 1.2 x = 1. x = 0.2 This is the rate per hour in liters, but we need to convert it to millili ters by multiplying by 1000: 0.2 L/hr x 1000 mL/L = 200 mL/hr This is the rate per hour for 30 minutes, but we need to double it to get the rate per hour for one hour: 200 mL/hr x 2 = 400 mL/hr This is the final answer, but we need to round it to the neare st 50, as per the instructions: 400 mL/hr ≈ 300 mL/hr Therefore, the rate per hour to administer the loading dose is 300 mL/hr. Question 3: A patient is receiving an IV of esmolol 2.5 grams in 250 mL of D5W (dextrose 5% in water) infusing at 200 micrograms/kilogram/minute. The patient weighs 110 lb. What rate (in mL/hr) should the nurse program into the IV pump to deliver this dose? A. 45 mL/hr B. 60 mL/hr C. 75 mL/hr D. 90 mL/hr Explanation To calculate the rate (in mL/hr) at which the IV pump should be programmed to deliver the dose of esmolol, we can use the following formula: Rate (mL/hr) = (Dose × Patient weight × 60) / (Concentration × Time) Given: Dose = 2.5 grams Patient weight = 110 lb Concentrati on = 250 mL Time = 1 hour (since the dose is given per hour) Converting the patient's weight from pounds to kilograms: Patient weight = 110 lb ÷ 2.2046 = 49.9 kg Substituting the values into the formula: Rate (mL/hr) = (2.5 g × 49.9 kg × 60) / (250 mL × 1) Simplifying the equation: Rate (mL/hr) = (2.5 × 49.9 × 60) / 250 Rate (mL/hr) = 74.85 Rounding to the nearest whole number, the nurse should program the IV pump to deliver 75 mL/hr. Therefore, the correct answer is c. 75 mL/hr. Question 4: Why is subcutaneous (SC) insulin usually administered into the abdomen as the preferred site? A. It is the least painful location for this injection. B. There are fewer insulin side effects when given in this site. C. It causes less bruising at the site. D. There is steady absorption of insulin from this site. Explanation This statement is correct because the abdomen has a large surface area and a good blood supply, which allows for a consistent and predictable absorptio n of insulin. Insulin is a hormone that regulates blood glucose levels and needs to be delivered in precise doses to avoid complications such as hypoglycemia (low blood glucose) or hyperglycemia (high blood glucose). The abdomen is also easy to access and has less variation in fat thickness, which reduces the risk of injecting into the muscle or the skin instead of the subcutaneous tissue. The subcutaneous tissue is the layer of fat and connective tissue below the skin and above the muscle, where insulin in jections are given. The other statements are not correct because they do not explain why the abdomen is the preferred site for subcutaneous insulin injections or they contain false information. a.It is the least painful location for this injection. This st atement is false because pain is subjective and depends on many factors, such as the type and size of the needle, the technique and speed of injection, the temperature and viscosity of the insulin, and the individual's pain tolerance and sensitivity. The a bdomen may not be the least painful location for everyone, and some people may prefer other sites, such as the arms, thighs, or butocks. b.There are fewer ins ulin side effects when given in this site. This statement is false because insulin side effects are not related to the site of injection, but to the dose, type, and timing of insulin, as well as the individual's response to insulin and other factors, such as diet, exercise, stress, illness, and medications. Insulin side effects may include hypoglycemia, weight gain, allergic reactions, lipodystrophy (changes in fat tissue), or edema (swelling). c.It causes less bruising at the site. This statement is false bec ause bruising is caused by bleeding under the skin due to damage to blood vessels during injection. Bruising can occur at any site of injection and depends on many factors, such as the type and size of the needle, the technique and speed of injection, the pressure applied after injection, the individual's clotting ability and blood thinning medications, and the presence of any underlying conditions that affect blood vessels or circulation. Question 5: A physician ordered magnesium sulfate 2 grams per hour for a maintenance dose. There are 40 grams of magnesium sulfate in 1 liter of lactated Ringers solution. What is the rate per hour to administer the maintenance dose? A. 10 mL/hr B. 25 mL/hr C. 20 mL/hr D. 100 mL/hr E. 100 mL/hr Explanation To find the answer, we need to find the concentration of magnesium sulfate in the solution and then use a proportion to find the rate per hour. We can use the following steps: 1. Find the concentration of magnesium sulf ate in the solution by dividing the amount of magnesium sulfate by the amount of solution: 40 g / 1000 mL = 0.04 g/mL This means that for every millilitre of solution, there are 0.04 grams of magnesium sulfate. 2. Use a proportion to find the rate per hour by setting up an equation with two ratios that are equal: (amount of magnesium sulfate) / (time) = (concentration of magnesium sulfate) / (rate per hour) We know the amount of magnesium sulfate (2 g), the time (1 h), and the concentration of magnesium sulfate (0.04 g/mL). We need to find the rate per hour (x mL/h). We can plug in these values and solve for x:The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
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