Exam (elaborations)
Animal Physiology From Genes to Organisms 2nd Lauralee Sherwood tb
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, Homeostasis and Integration: The Foundations of PhysiologyA. Multiple Choice
Key/
Page No.
b 1. Physiology is the study of
1 a. matter, energy and their interactions.
b. how organisms function.
c. the mind.
d. temperament and character based on outward appearances.
a 2. The process of maintaining physiological stability in the face of disturbance is referred to
1 as
a. homeostasis.
b. homeothermy.
c. home remedy.
d. homeopathy.
c Which of the following statements is true?
1 a. Structure/function relationships are evident at the organismal level, but not at the
molecular level.
b. Evolution by natural selection led to physiologic adaptation historically, but is not
relevant to extant organisms.
c. Homeostasis is the tendency toward relative stability in the internal environment
of an organism.
d. Feedback control refers specifically to the homeostatic mechanisms that help
organisms stop eating when they’re satiated.
c 4. The August Krogh Principle states that
3 a. understanding physiology can only be accomplished through the study of
evolution by natural selection.
b. the shortest distance between two points is a straight line.
c. understanding physiological phenomena is enhanced by studying model
organisms that have adapted to deal with particular physiological challenges.
d. salamanders are good for studying regeneration of limbs since what will be
learned can be applied to human medicine.
a 5. Which of the following is NOT part of the hypothetico-deductive method of scientific
6 investigation?
a. proving one's hypothesis
b. asking questions about the natural world
c. proposing explanations for phenomena in the natural world
1
, d. designing experiments that enable one to test a hypothesis
e. conducting experiments and making observations
b 6. The smallest unit of life is
7 a. a DNA molecule.
b. a cell.
c. an organelle.
d. a virus.
e. a protein.
e 7. The basic functions of all cells include
7 a. self-organization.
b. self-regulation.
c. self-support (structural) and movement.
d. self-replication.
e. all of the above
d 8. Which of the following terms have NO relationship?
2 a. adaptations and cost-benefit ratio
13-17 b. homologous traits and a common ancestry
c. negative feedback and set point
d. feedforward system and acclimiatization
e. antagonistic control and two effectors
e 9. The primary types of tissues found in animals are
9, 10 a. muscular.
b. nervous.
c. epithelial.
d. connective.
e. all of the above
a 10. Which of the following is NOT an example of connective tissue?
9 a. muscle
b. bone
c. blood
d. tendon
e. cartilage
d 11. Which of the following statements is true?
10 a. The only physiological function for which surface-area-to-volume ratio is relevant
F 1-4 is digestion.
b. The only physiological function for which surface-area-to-volume ratio is
irrelevant is reproduction.
c. For any physiological function, a high surface-area-to-volume ratio is
advantageous.
d. Surface area increases as the square of the linear dimension while volume
increases as the cube.
e. All statements are true.
2
, b 12. With respect to thermoregulation, most fishes are
13 a. regulators.
b. conformers.
c. warm-blooded.
d. best fried.
c 13. Enantiostasis is
13 a. the maintenance of a nearly constant internal environment by direct
compensatory mechanisms.
b. the maintenance of one of two constant internal environments, in which the two
environments are mirror images of each other.
c. the maintenance of a nearly constant internal environment by an indirect
compensatory mechanism.
d. none of these.
b 14. From a physiological perspective, the increase in pelage (i.e. fur) that some mammals
17 experience in winter represents
a. acclimation.
b. acclimatization.
c. adaptation.
d. feedback inhibition.
b 15. Some hormones act to regulate the concentration of intracellular signals like cyclic
17, 18 adenosine monophosphate (cyclic AMP, or cAMP) by activating or inhibiting adenylyl
cyclase, the enzyme responsible for its production, or by activating or inhibiting
phosphodiesterases, which are responsible for its destruction. Cyclic AMP, in turn,
functions by activating enzyme cascades that set certain metabolic pathways in motion.
The regulation of cAMP levels in cells is an example of
a. homeostasis.
b. rheostasis.
c. equilibrium.
d. adaptation.
e. all of these.
a 16. In physiological terms, a set point can be defined as
13, 14 a. the value of a parameter, such as the concentration of sugar in the blood, that
homeostatic mechanisms aim to maintain.
b. the value of a parameter, such as the concentration of sugar in the blood, that set
homeostatic mechanisms in motion.
c. the location in a thermal gradient at which a poikilothermic organism rests,
reflecting is preferred body temperature.
d. the winning stroke in a tennis match.
a 17. Prior to being used as subjects, many laboratory animals are given a period of time to get
17 used to the conditions in the laboratory, e.g., the light/dark cycle. The process they
undergo during this time is referred to as
a. acclimation.
b. acclimatization.
c. adaptation.
d. adjustment.
e. evolution.
3
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