BIOD 121 PORTAGE NUTRITION MODULE 4 EXAM TEST 2023 -2024 essential vitamins - CORRECT ANSWER -13 vitamins that animal cells need but can't synthesize found in both plant and animal sources vitamins produced by the body - CORRECT ANSWER -vitamin K and biotin (gut flora) vitamin D (skin) vitamin A (from beta carotene) niacin (tryptophan) two criteria for vitamins - CORRECT ANSWER -1. must be consumed in the diet to maintain health. 2. symptoms of deficiency occur in its absence enrichment - CORRECT ANSWER -adding nutrients back that have been lost to processing fortification - CORRECT ANSWER -adding nutrient not naturally present in a food Fat soluble vitamins - CORRECT ANSWER -Vitamins A, D, E, K stored in liver and adipose tissue excess consumption could lead to toxic levels two forms of vitamin a - CORRECT ANSWER -1. Preformed Vitamin A (retinol/retinal), found in foods and animal products: liver, fish, fish oils, fortified milk, yogurt, and eggs 2. Provitamin A or Carotene, the pigment in yellow, orange, and deep green fruits or vegetables vitamin A functions - CORRECT ANSWER -Vision skin and epithelial health growth, development, reproduction disease prevention two forms of vitamin D - CORRECT ANSWER -D2 (ergocalciferol, synthetic) and D3 (cholecalciferol) produced skin > liver > kidney fatty fish, fortified cereal, eggs, butter, fortified milk, and yogurt vitamin D functions - CORRECT ANSWER -regulation of calcium levels and bone metabolism immune system, skin development, muscle health, and blood pressure control vitamin A deficiency - CORRECT ANSWER -Night blindness, xeropthalmia, dry skin, growth failure toxicity > 3000mcg/day increased hip fracture, liver toxicity, and fetal malformations vitamin D deficiency - CORRECT ANSWER -rickets, osteomalacia increased risk of infections, cancers, autoimmune disease, and cardiovascular disease vitamin E function - CORRECT ANSWER -antioxidant that protects erythrocytes and membranes from damage in the body (alpha -tocopherol) or in plants (gamma -tocopherol) oils, cereals, eggs, margarines, whole grains, and nuts. vitamin E deficiency - CORRECT ANSWER -Rare, can occur if fat malabsorption is present cellular breakdown and hemolysis toxicity > 1000mg/day may interfere with blood clotting action of Vitamin K vitamin K function - CORRECT ANSWER -blood clotting, bone formation oils, plants, fish and meats, green leafy vegetables, green beans, soybean and canola oils, and liver synthesize small amts in GI tracts (except infants) 80mcg
