NR507 Midterm Exam 2024 / NR 507 Week 4 Midterm Advanced Pathophysiology Midterm Exam Latest Chamberlain College Of Nursing(VERSION A) What can uncontrolled tachycardia lead to? - ...ANSWER... reduced stroke volume and fatigue What are the two parts of the cardiac cycle? - ...ANSWER... diastole and systole What causes blood to move from the atria to the ventricles - ...ANSWER... gravity an d atriole systole What causes the S1 heart sound? - ...ANSWER... Bicuspid/Mitral and Tricuspid valves closing What are the atrioventricular valves? - ...ANSWER... tricuspid and bicuspid (mitral) valves What are the semilunar valves? - ...ANSWER... pulmonar y and aortic valves What causes the semilunar valves to open? - ...ANSWER... As ventricles contract and intraventricular pressure rises, blood is pushed up against the SL valves, forcing them to open ejection fraction - ...ANSWER... measurement of the volu me percentage of left ventricular contents ejected with each contraction What causes the semilunar valves to close? - ...ANSWER... ventricles relax and intraventricular pressure falls, blood flows back from the arteries, and fill the cusps of the semilunar valves What causes the S2 heart sound? - ...ANSWER... closing of semilunar (aortic and pulmonary) valves What prevents the backflow into the ventricles - ...ANSWER... semilunar valves Stenosis of heart valve - ...ANSWER... A narrowing of the valve opening , causing turbulent flow and enlargement of the emptying chamber Stenosis of a heart valve, may result in what? - ...ANSWER... Narrowing of the heart valves means that blood moves with difficulty out of the heart. Results may include chest pain, edema in t he feet or ankles, and irregular heartbeat. and hypertrophy heart failure - ...ANSWER... cardiac dysfunction caused by the inability of the heart to provide adequate CO resulting in inadequate tissue perfusion Left sided heart failure characteristic - ...ANSWER... inability of the left ventricle to provide adequate blood flow into systemic circulation Causes of left sided heart failure - ...ANSWER... systemic hypertension left ventricle MI LV hypertrophy Aorti c SL valve or bicuspid valve damage Secondary to right heart failure How does LV hypertrophy lead to left sided heart failure - ...ANSWER... The hypertrophy is secondary to cardiac damage resulting in an enlarged by weaker structure that holds more blood How does Aortic SL valve or bicuspid valve damage lead to heart failure - ...ANSWER... damage leads to back flow into the left atrium or ventricle after ejection Biventricular failure - ...ANSWER... unresolved left sided heart failure will increase pressur e on the right side of the heart contributing to right sided heart failure as well How does heart failure progress from hypertension? - ...ANSWER... - high systemic vascular pressure causes high after load requires the left ventricle to increase contractio n force to eject the blood - damage causes reduced ejection fraction and left ventricle gets tired and becomes unable to eject normal amount of blood - increased amount of blood remaining in left ventricle and increased left ventricle preload causes the left atrium unable to eject the normal amount of blood into the left ventricle - blood volume and pressure backs up into the pulmonary veins
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