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CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY FINAL EXAM NEWEST 2024 ACTUAL EXAM 180 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+ $26.49
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CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY FINAL EXAM NEWEST 2024 ACTUAL EXAM 180 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+
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CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
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CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY FINAL EXAM NEWEST 2024 ACTUAL EXAM 180 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+
CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY FINAL EXAM NEWEST 2024 ACTUAL EXAM 180 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+ Which of the statements is false? a. Cyclic AMP is generated following activation of the Gs subunit of a G-protein b. Four cyclic AMP molecules are produced by each adenylyl cyclase molecule, which in turn activate one PKA molecule c. Adenylyl cyclase serves to transduce and amplify the signal form the G protein coupled receptor (GPCR) d. The activated PKA molecule is reset to the inactive form of PKA by phosphodiesterase activity e. The catalytic subunit of PKA are released from the inactive PKA molecule following cAMP binding to the regulatory subunit by a conformational change in PKA - ANSWER - b. Four cyclic AMP molecules are produced by each adenylyl cyclase molecule, which in turn activate one PKA molecule Inositol triphosphate (IP3) leads to the elevation of cytoplasmic _________ ions. a. Sodium (Na+) b. Potassium (K+) c. Calcium (Ca+2) d. Chloride (Cl -) e. Proton (H+) - ANSWER - c. Calcium (Ca+2) Which of the following proteins can be activated by calmodulin in neurons? a. Ca+2/CaM -dependent protein kinases II (CaMKII) b. Protein kinases B (Akt) c. Phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5) -triphosphate (PIP3) d. Estrogen receptor beta - ANSWER - a. Ca+2/CaM -dependent protein kinases II (CaMKII) ___________ signaling is often used to generate a response from a group of cell of ______ type. a. paracrine, the same b. autocrine, the same c. contract dependent, a different d. contact dependent, the same - ANSWER - b. autocrine, the same A cell expresses a transmembrane protein that is cleaved at the plasma membrane to release an extracellular fragment. The fragment binds to receptor proteins on nearby cells and activates signaling pathways resulting in altered gene expressions patterns in the cells. What form of intercellular signaling does this represent? a. endocrine signaling b. contract -dependent signaling c. autocrine signaling d. synaptic signaling e. paracrine signaling - ANSWER - e. paracrine signaling What statement about synaptic signaling is NOT true? a. signal can be rapidly terminated b. acts locally at a precise location c. acts at low local concentrations d. all of the above e. rapidly transmit signal over long distances - ANSWER - c. acts at low local concentrations What statement about endocrine signals is NOT true? a. acts broadly over the entire organism b. signal can be rapidly terminated c. relies on diffusion and blow flow d. slowly transmit signal over long distances e. acts at low concentrations - ANSWER - b. signal can be rapidly terminated Ligands are signaling molecules that bind to receptors. Which of the following statements is true of ligands? a. Each ligand is only able to bind to one specific receptor b. Ligands can bind to cell -surface receptors, but they cannot enter the cell c. All ligands are proteins d. Ligands bond to receptor proteins and cause the protein to relay a message to intercellular proteins - ANSWER - d. Ligands bonds to receptor proteins and cause the protein to relay a message to intracellular proteins Many signal transduction pathways use second messengers to: a. relay a signal from the outside to the inside of the cell b. transport a signal through the lipid bilayer portions of the plasma membrane c. amplify the message by phosphorylating proteins d. relay the message from the inside of the membrane throughout the cytoplasm - ANSWER - d. replay the message from the inside of the membrane throughout the cytoplasm What is a G protein? a. a tyrosine kinase relay protein b. a protein on the cytoplasmic side of a membrane that become activated by a receptor protein c. A membrane bound enzyme that converts ATP to cAMP d. A specific type of membrane receptor protein - ANSWER - b. a protein on the cytoplasmic side of a membrane that become activated by a receptor protein
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