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#O C R GCE Physics B H557/02: Scientific literacy in physics A Level Mark Scheme for June 2023
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#O C R GCE Physics B H557/02: Scientific literacy in physics A Level Mark Scheme for June 2023
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#O C RA Level Economics
H460/02 Macroeconomics
May 2023
Time allowed: 2 hours
You can use:
a scientific or graphical calculator
Please write clearly in black ink. Do not write in the barcodes.
Centre number Candidate number
First name(s)
Last name
INSTRUCTIONS
• Use black ink. You can use an HB pencil, but only for graphs and diagrams.
• Write your answer to each question in the space provided. If you need extra space use
the lined pages at the end of this booklet. The question numbers must be clearly shown.
• Answer all the questions in Section A, one question in Section B and one question
in Section C.
INFORMATION
• The total mark for this paper is 80.
• The marks for each question are shown in brackets [ ].
• Quality of extended response will be assessed in questions marked with an asterisk (*).
• This document has 20 pages.
ADVICE
• Read each question carefully before you start your answer.
,2023 Turn over
, 2
SECTION A
Read the stimulus material and answer all parts of Question 1.
International competitiveness
In 2019, the UK had a trade in goods and services deficit of £30.5bn and a current account deficit
of £95.3bn. A country’s international competitiveness is influenced primarily by the relative price
and quality of its products.
In the 2019 global competitiveness index, published by the World Economic Forum, the UK was
ranked 9th out of 141 countries. This position was down one on 2018. Singapore was placed 1st 5
in 2019 and 2nd in 2018.
The World Economic Forum considers 12 categories of influences on a country’s international
competitiveness. These include the country’s financial system, the skills of its workers and
its macroeconomic stability. The UK has a strong financial system and was placed 7th in this
category. Its central bank has experience in, for instance, maintaining price stability and engaging 10
in quantitative easing. The country’s commercial banks provide savings facilities, loans and other
services for their customers.
The UK was placed 11th in the skills category. A more skilled labour force is likely to have higher
productivity. In turn, productivity can also be affected by working hours. Between 2018 and
2019, average working hours fell in Germany, the UK and the USA and labour productivity rose. 15
In contrast, both average working hours and labour productivity rose in Poland and both fell in
Mexico over this period.
The category in the global competitiveness index which the UK performed best in was
macroeconomic stability. It came 1st achieving a maximum score of 100. Macroeconomic stability
can increase business confidence. This can increase investment, international competitiveness 20
and GDP per capita. Fig. 1 shows the international competitiveness ranking of eight countries
and their GDP per capita.
2023
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