Criminal Justice: Module 1 Exam Review, Short Answer/Essay Questions
The 15 formal stages of the criminal justice process:
initial contact, investigation, arrest, custody, charging, preliminary hearing/grand jury, arraignment, bail/detention, plea bargaining, trial/adjudication, sentencing/disposition, appeal/postconviction remedies, correctional treatment, release, and post release
The formal stages the police are responsible for:
initial contact, investigation, arrest, and custody
The formal stages the courts are responsible for:
charging, preliminary hearing/grand jury, arraignment, bail/detention, plea bargaining, trial/adjudication, sentencing/disposition, and appeal/postconviction remedies
The formal stages the corrections are responsible for:
correctional treatment, release, and postrelease
Components of the traditional model of CJ:
where the prosecution and defense oppose each other. this model doesn't recognize the cases that are settled in informal and nontraditional ways.
Components of the wedding cake model of CJ:
layer 1: celebrated crimes, layer 2: serious felonies, layer 3: less serious felonies, and layer 4: misdemeanors
The crime control perspective of justice:
argues that the goal of the CJ system should be to prevent crime through the judicious use of criminal sanctions. Society should use harsh punishments to deter crime and protect society from offenders. The more efficient the system, the greater its effectiveness.
The rehabilitation perspective of justice:
Argues that, in the long term, it is better to treat offenders than to punish them. There is a belief that criminals are the victims of society.
The due process perspective of justice:
This perspective emphasizes individual rights and constitutional safeguards against arbitrary or unfair judicial or administrative proceedings. The belief is that every person deserves his/her full array of constitutional rights and privileges, that steps must be taken to treat all defendants fairly, and that preserving the democratic ideals of American society takes precedence over the need to punish offenders.
The nonintervention perspective of justice:
This perspective favors the least intrusive treatment possible of offenders. It advocates for diversion and decriminalization.
The equal justice perspective of justice:
This perspective is based on the idea that all people should receive the same treatment under the law and should be evaluated based on their current behavior rather than on what they have done in the past.
The restorative justice perspective of justice:
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