Which pulses should be assessed to monitor systemic perfusion in a child? - ANSWER-peripheral and central
What should the first rescuer arriving on the scene of an unresponsive infant or child do? (in order) - ANSWER-1. verify scene safety
2. check for responsiveness
3. shout for help
4. acti...
PALS 2025 questions and answers 100% correct
Which pulses should be assessed to monitor systemic perfusion in a child? - ANSWER-
peripheral and central
What should the first rescuer arriving on the scene of an unresponsive infant or child do? (in order) - ANSWER-1. verify scene safety
2. check for responsiveness
3. shout for help
4. activate the emergency response system
Why may excessive ventilation during CPR be harmful? - ANSWER-- it increases intrathoracic pressure
- it impedes venous return
If you cannot achieve effective ventilation (ie, the chest does not rise), do the following: -
ANSWER-- reposition/reopen the airway (sniffing position)
- verify mask size and ensure a tight face-mask seal
- suction the airway if needed
- check the O2 source
- check the ventilation bag and mask
- treat gastric inflation (NG/OG)
- consider 2-person bag-mask ventilation and inserting an OPA
Ventilation rate - ANSWER-1 breath every 2-3 seconds delivered over 1 second (20-30 breaths per minute)
Early signs of tissue hypoxia - ANSWER-- tachypnea
- increased respiratory effort (nasal flaring, retractions)
- tachycardia
- pallor, mottling, cyanosis - agitation, anxiety, irritability
Late signs of tissue hypoxia - ANSWER-- bradypnea, inadequate respiratory effort, apnea
- increased respiratory effort (head bobbing, seesaw respirations, grunting)
- bradycardia
- pallor, mottling, cyanosis
- decreased level of consciousness
What is the role of the diaphragm during normal breathing in infants? - ANSWER-pulls the ribs slightly inward
S/S mild respiratory distress - ANSWER-- mild tachypnea
- mild increase in respiratory effort (nasal flaring, retractions)
- abnormal airway sounds (stridor, wheezing, grunting)
S/S Severe respiratory distress - ANSWER-- marked tachypnea
- marked increase in respiratory effort
- paradoxical throacoabdominal breathing (seesaw breathing)
- accessory muscle use (head bobbing)
- abnormal airway sounds (grunting)
- decreased level of consciousness
S/S Impending respiratory arrest - ANSWER-- bradypnea, apnea, respiratory pauses
- low oxygen saturation (hypoxemia) despite high-flow supplemental oxygen
- inadequate respiratory effort (shallow respirations)
- decreased level of consciousness (unresponsive)
- bradycardia
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