NURS 676 MIDTERM EXAM 2023/2024 NURS 676 MIDTERM EXAM ADV. PHARMACOLOGY ( WCU) DETAILED QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 100%VERIFIED AND GRADED A+ STUDY GUIDE 2023/2024 1.Question: What is the primary function of the renal system, and how does it contribute to maintaining homeostasis? Answer: The renal system is responsible for filtering blood, removing waste products, and regulating electrolyte and fluid balance to maintain overall bodily equilibrium. 2.Question: Describe the pathophysiology of heart failure, including key clinical mani festations and potential nursing interventions. Answer: Heart failure results from the heart's inability to pump blood effectively. Clinical manifestations include dyspnea, edema, and fatigue. Nursing interventions involve medication management, fluid res triction, and monitoring vital signs. 3.Question: Explain the importance of evidence -based practice in nursing and provide an example of how it can impact patient care. Answer: Evidence -based practice involves integrating current research into clinical dec ision -
making. For instance, implementing a pain management protocol based on recent studies can enhance patient outcomes and satisfaction. 4.Question: Discuss the nursing management of a patient with diabetes mellitus, including assessment, interventions, a nd patient education. Answer: Nursing care for a diabetic patient involves regular glucose monitoring, administering insulin as needed, promoting a balanced diet, and educating the patient on self -
management to prevent complications. 5.Question: What are t he key principles of infection control in a healthcare setting, and how can nurses contribute to preventing the spread of infections? Answer: Infection control principles include hand hygiene, proper use of personal protective equipment, and isolation pre cautions. Nurses play a crucial role in adhering to these measures and educating patients and colleagues. 6.Question: Differentiate between acute and chronic pain, and outline nursing interventions for each type of pain management. Answer: Acute pain is su dden and often linked to tissue damage, while chronic pain persists over time. Nursing interventions include administering analgesics, providing comfort measures, and collaborating with the healthcare team for a comprehensive pain management plan. NURS 676 MIDTERM EXAM 2023/2024 7.Questio n: Discuss the stages of grief according to Kubler -Ross and explore how nurses can support patients and families during the grieving process. Answer: The stages of grief include denial, anger, bargaining, depression, and acceptance. Nurses can offer emotional support, facilitate communication, and provide resources for coping during this challenging time. 8.Question: Define cultural competence in nursing and describe its significance in providing patient -centered care. Answer: Cultural competence involves understanding and respecting diverse cultural backgrounds. It is crucial for nurses to provide culturally sensitive care, considering tradition s, beliefs, and values to enhance patient trust and outcomes. 9.Question: Outline the steps in the nursing process and explain how it guides clinical decision -making. Answer: The nursing process comprises assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation, and evaluation. It serves as a systematic framework to identify patient needs, plan interventions, and assess the effectiveness of care. 10.Question: Explore the role of the nurse in promoting health and preventing illness within a community setting. Answer: Nurses in community settings focus on health promotion, disease prevention, and education. This includes conducting screenings, organizing health campaigns, and collaborating with community resources to enhance overall well -being. 11.Question: During a respi ratory assessment, what are the key indicators that suggest a patient is experiencing respiratory distress, and what immediate nursing actions should be taken? Answer: Signs of respiratory distress include increased respiratory rate, use of accessory musc les, and cyanosis. Immediate nursing actions involve providing supplemental oxygen, assessing for potential causes, and notifying the healthcare provider. 12.Question: Describe the proper technique for administering medication via an intramuscular injection, and highlight the key considerations for patient safety. Answer: The nurse should use the Z -track method, aspirate to ensure no blood return, and inject the medication slowly. Patient safety considerations include selecting the correct needle size, choos ing an appropriate site, and educating the patient about potential side effects. 13.Question: In a postoperative setting, how can a nurse effectively manage pain while minimizing the risk of opioid -related adverse effects? Answer: Utilize a multimodal pain management approach, combining opioids with non -
opioid analgesics. Monitor for signs of opioid toxicity, educate the patient about pain management strategies, and encourage early ambulation.
