Summary Biology Characteristics of living organism
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Biology Characteristics of living organism
Institution
Biology Characteristics Of Living Organism
Book
The Life and Behavior of Living Organisms
Biology
Characteristics of living organism
Identification of a living organism
An organism is an individual living thing that can react to stimuli, reproduce, grow, and maintain
homeostasis. It can be a virus, bacterium, protist, fungus, plant or an animal. All living organisms do the
seven ...
Biology
Characteristics of living organism
Identification of a living organism
An organism is an individual living thing that can react to stimuli, reproduce, grow, and maintain
homeostasis. It can be a virus, bacterium, protist, fungus, plant or an animal. All living organisms do the
seven following:
1. Movement. All living organisms show movement of one kind or another. All living organisms have
internal movement, which means that they have the ability of moving substances from one part
of their body to another. Some living organisms show external movement as well they can move
from place to place.
2. Respiration. All living things exchange gases with their environment.
3. Sensitivity. Ability to sense and respond to changes in its surrounding
4. Growth. An increase in size, mass, complexity of an organism
5. Reproduction. Producing offspring similar to the parent
6. Excretion. Excretion is the removal of waste from the body. If this waste was allowed to remain
in the body it could be poisonous.
7. Nutrition. All living organisms need to take substances from their environment to obtain energy,
to grow and to stay healthy.
An organism is considered “living” when it does all of these seven characteristics.
Cells
Definition: The basic structure of organisms. All cells are made by other cells. a part of
the cell containing DNA and RNA and responsible for growth and reproduction
All organisms are made up of units called cells joined together. Very small living things like bacteria are
made up of only one cell.
Types of cell
• Animal cells
• Plant cells
• Specialised cells o Xylem cells o Leaf palisade cells o Root hair cells o Red blood cells o
Nerve cells o Muscle cells o Bone cells
• Single cells
o Amoeba
• Many cells o Spirogyra
Animal cells
, Cell part Definition Function
Cell A thin semi-permeable Gives shape the cell. Cell membrane anchors the membrane
membrane that sur- cytoskeleton (a cellular 'skeleton' made of protein rounds the cytoplasm of and
contained in the cytoplasm). a cell, enclosing its Attaching cells together to form tissue. Cell
contents. membrane is responsible for attaching the cell to
the extracellular matrix (non-living material that is
found outside the cells).
• Transportation of materials. This is needed for the functioning of the cell organelles. Cell
membrane is semi permeable and controls the in and out movements of substances. Such
movement of substances may be either at the expense of cellular energy or passive, without
using cellular energy.
• Receive signals from other cells or the outside environment. They convert the signals to
messages that are passed to the organelles inside the cell.
• Group together to form enzymes. These carry out metabolic reactions near the inner
surface of the cell membrane.
• Proteins in the cell membrane. also help very small molecules to get themselves transported
through the cell membrane, provided, the molecules are traveling from a region with lots of
molecules to a region with less number of molecules.
Cytoplasm The contents outside of Fills the interior of the cell. The cytoplasm forms the nucleus
and the ground substance of the cell.
enclosed within the cell Hold cell organelles. Cell organelles control all of
membrane of a cell. the cell’s activities. These keep the cell alive.
Nucleus A part of the cell containing DNA RNA and responsible for growth and
and reproduction
Mitochondria An organelle found in
Plant cell large numbers in most cells, in which
the biochemical processes of
respiration and energy production
occur
• Regulates all cell activity. It does
this by controlling the enzymes
present.
• Hold the DNA needed for
reproduction.
• Provide energy for the cell
through respiration.
• Location of ATP (adenosine tri-
phosphate)
Cell part Definition
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