Exam (elaborations)
NURS 5315 UTA Exam 2 already graded A+
- Course
- NURS 5315
- Institution
- University Of Texas - Arlington
NURS 5315 UTA Exam 2 already graded A+
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NURS5315
UTA
Exam
2
H I V
E I A
( 3 r d
g e n e r a t i o n
i m m u n o a s s a y )
-
A N S c a n
u s e
u r i n e ,
s a l i v a ,
o r
s e r u m
( m o s t
a c c u r a t e ) ,
n e e d
t o
w a i t
u n t i l
1 2
w e e k s
p o s t
e x p o s u r e
t o
s e e
a n t i b o d i e s ,
> 9 9 %
a c c u r a t e
4 t h
g e n e r a t i o n
i m m u n o a s s a y -
" g o l d
s t a n d a r d "
m e a s u r e s
P 2 4
a n t i g e n
c a n
t e s t
1 0
d a y s
p o s t
e x p o s u r e
M a s t
c e l l
-
A N S C e l l u l a r
b a g s
o f
g r a n u l e s
l o c a t e d
i n
l o o s e
c o n n e c t i v e
t i s s s u e
c l o s e
t o
b l o o d
v e s s e l s .
A c t i v a t i o n
i n i t i a t e s
i n f l a m m a t o r y
p r o c e s s .
H i s t a m i n e
-
A N S C a u s e s
v a s o d i l a t i o n ,
i n c r e a s e s
v a s c u l a r
p e r m e a b i l i t y ,
i n c r e a s e s
b l o o d
f l o w
t o
t h e
s i t e
o f
i n j u r y -
c a u s e s
e r y t h e m a
a n d
s w e l l i n g .
C y t o k i n e s
-
A N S S o l u b l e
f a c t o r s
t h a t
c o n t r i b u t e
t o
t h e
r e g u l a t i o n
o f
i n n a t e
o r
a d a p t i v e
r e s i s t a n c e
b y
a f f e c t i n g
o t h e r
n e i g h b o r i n g
c e l l s .
C a n
b e
p r o - i n f l a m m a t o r y
o r
a n t i - i n f l a m m a t o r y .
C a n
r e a c t
q u i c k l y
o r
b e
m o r e
d e l a y e d .
L e u k o t r i n e s
-
A N S R e l e a s e d
w h e n
m a s t
c e l l s
d e g r a n u l a t e ,
p r o l o n g
t h e
i n f l a m m a t o r y
p r o c e s s .
C a u s e
v a s o d i l a t i o n ,
a t t r a c t
n e u t r o p h i l s ,
m o n o c y t e s ,
a n d
e o s i n o p h i l s . t a r g e t
o f
i n h i b i t i o n
f o r
s i n g u l a r .
P r o s t a g l a n d i n s
-
A N S R e l e a s e d
w h e n
m a s t
c e l l s
d e g r a n u l a t e ,
a r e
p r o d u c e d
b y
t h e
a r a c h i d o n i c
p a t h w a y .
C a u s e
v a s o d i l a t i o n ,
p l a t e l e t
a g g r e g a t i o n
a t
s i t e
o f
i n j u r y ,
p a i n ,
a n d
f e v e r .
C h e m o t a c t i c
f a c t o r s
-
A N S B i o c h e m i c a l
s u b s t a n c e
t h a t
a t t r a c t s
l e u k o c y t e
t o
t h e
s i t e
o f
i n f l a m m a t i o n
N e u t r o p h i l s
-
A N S P r e d o m i n a n t
l e u k o c y t e
a t
w o r k
d u r i n g
t h e
e a r l y
s t a g e s
o f
a c u t e
i n f l a m m a t i o n
M o n o c y t e s
-
A N S B e c o m e
m a c r o p h a g e s
w h e n
e n t e r i n g
t h e
t i s s u e ,
r e s p o n s i b l e
f o r
p r e s e n t i n g
a n t i g e n s
t o
t h e
C D 4
c e l l
w h i c h
t r i g g e r s
T - c e l l
i m m u n i t y
a n d
B - c e l l
i m m u n i t y .
R e l e a s e s
a d d i t i o n a l
c y t o k i n e s
I L 1 ,
I L 6 ,
T N F .
C y t o k i n e
I L 1
f u n c t i o n
-
A N S C a u s e s
f e v e r ,
a c t i v a t e s
p h a g o c y t e s
&
l y m p h o c y t e s
a n d
a l s o
i n c r e a s e s
t h e
r e l e a s e
o f
I L 6 a
C y t o k i n e
I L 6
f u n c t i o n
-
A N S S t i m u l a t e s
p r o d u c t i o n
o f
a c u t e
p h a s e
r e a c t a n t s
a n d
p r o m o t e s
g r o w t h
a n d
s t i m u l a t i o n
o f
R B C s
C y t o k i n e
T N F
f u n c t i o n
-
A N S C a u s e s
f e v e r ,
i n c r e a s e s
s y n t h e s i s
o f
p r o i n f l a m m a t o r y
p r o t e i n s
b y
l i v e r ,
c a u s e s
m u s c l e
w a s t i n g ,
i n d u c e s
t h r o m b o s i s C y t o k i n e
g r o w t h
f a c t o r
f u n c t i o n
-
A N S P r o m o t e s
p r o d u c t i o n
a n d
m a t u r a t i o n
o f
n e u t r o p h i l s
C o m p l e m e n t
-
A N S F u n c t i o n s
i n c l u d e
b a c t e r i a l
l y s i s ,
v a s o d i l a t i o n
a n d
i n c r e a s e d
v a s c u l a r
p e r m e a b i l i t y ,
t r i g g e r s
m a s t
c e l l
d e g r a n u l a t i o n ,
c h e m o t a x i s ,
a n d
o p s o n i z a t i o n .
K i n i n
-
A N S C o n v e r t e d
t o
b r a d y k i n i n
w h i c h
i s
r e s p o n s i b l e
f o r
p a i n
a n d
c h e m o t a x i s ,
a n d
i t
i n c r e a s e s
v a s c u l a r
p e r m e a b i l i t y
a n d
v a s o d i l a t i o n .
C o a g u l a t i o n
c a s c a d e
-
A N S F a c t o r
X I I
a c t i v a t e s
k i n i n .
F u n c t i o n
i s
t o
f o r m
f i b r i n
m e s h
t o
s t o p
b l e e d i n g
a n d
t r a p
m i c r o
o r g a n i s m s .
C O X 1
-
A N S P r o s t a g l a n d i n
o f
a r a c h i d o n i c
p a t h w a y .
P r o v i d e s
g a s t r o p r o t e c t i o n ,
p l a t e l e t
a g g r e g a t i o n ,
f l u i d / e l e c t r o l y t e
b a l a n c e
C O X 2
-
A N S P r o s t a g l a n d i n
o f
a r a c h i d o n i c
p a t h w a y .
R e s p o n s i b l e
f o r
p a i n ,
f e v e r ,
r e n a l
p r o t e c t i o n ,
t i s s u e
r e p a i r ,
r e p r o d u c t i o n
d e v e l o p m e n t .
C O X 2
i n h i b i t o r s -
c l i n i c a l
i m p l i c a t i o n s
-
A N S P r o t e c t
g a s t r i c
m u c o s a -
p r e v e n t
u l c e r s
a n d
b l e e d i n g .
R e m o v e d
f r o m
m a r k e t
r / t
c a r d i a c
e v e n t s
e x c e p t
f o r
C e l e b r e x .
C a n
i m p a i r
r e n a l
f u n c t i o n
,
m o n i t o r
l a b s .
A r a c h i d o n i c
p a t h w a y
p u r p o s e
-
A N S S y n t h e s i s
o f
p r o s t a g l a n d i n s
N o n - s e l e c t i v e
N S A I D S
-
A N S I n h i b i t
C O X 1
a n d
C O X 2 ,
r i s k
f o r
g a s t r i c
u l c e r a t i o n ,
G I
b l e e d s ,
e d e m a ,
r e n a l
i m p a i r m e n t
A S A
-
A N S B l o c k s
C O X 1
a n d
C O X 2 ,
a l s o
i n h i b i t s
T h r o m b o x a n e
A 2
a n d
p r o s t a g l a n d i n s
C o r t i c o s t e r o i d s
-
A N S I n h i b i t
p h o s p h o l i p a s e
A 2 ,
p r e v e n t i n g
f o r m a t i o n
o f
p r o s t a g l a n d i n s ,
t h r o m b o x a n e
A 2 ,
p r o s t a c y c l i n ,
a n d
l e u k o t r i n e s
T h r o m b o x a n e
-
A N S V a s o c o n s t r i c t i o n ,
p l a t e l e t
a g g r e g a t i o n
P r o s t a c y c l i n
-
A N S V a s o d i l a t i o n ,
p l a t e l e t
a g g r e g a t i o n
( m o s t
e f f e c t i v e
o n e )
T y p e
1
h y p e r s e n s i t i v i t y
-
A N S E .
I m m e d i a t e
r e s p o n s e
t o
a l l e r g e n ,
f o o d ,
m e d s ,
p o l l e n ,
a s t h m a ,
a l l e r g i c
r e a c t i o n s
P .
I g E
b i n d s
w i t h
a n t i g e n
a t
1 s t
e x p o s u r e .
A n t i g e n
b i n d s
w i t h
t h i s
c o m p l e x
a t
2 n d
e x p o s u r e .
I n f l a m m a t o r y
c a s c a d e
i n i t i a t e s .
C . M .
U r t i c a r i a ,
r h i n i t i s ,
c o n j u n c t i v i t i s ,
a n g i o e d e m a ,
a n a p h y l a x i s
A t o p i c
d i s o r d e r s
-
A N S G e n e t i c
T y p e
1
h y p e r s e n s i t i v i t y ,
a s t h m a ,
h a y
f e v e r ,
e c z e m a ,
u r t i c a r i a
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