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NUR257 MEDSURG II FINAL EXAM – Qs And As
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NUR257 MEDSURG II FINAL EXAM – Qs And AsDuring a mumps outbreak at a local school, a patient, who is a school
teacher, is exposed. She has previously been immunized for mumps. What
type of immunity does she possess?
A) Acquired immunity
B) Natural immunity
C) Phagocytic immunity
D) Humoral immunity Correct Ans - A) Acquired immunity
Acquired immunity usually develops as a result of prior exposure to an
antigen, often through immunization. When the body is attacked by
bacteria, viruses, or other pathogens, it has three means of defense. The
first line of defense, the phagocytic immune response, involves the WBCs
that have the ability to ingest foreign particles. A second protective
response is the humoral immune response, which begins when the B
lymphocytes transform themselves into plasma cells that manufacture
antibodies. The natural immune response system is rapid, nonspecific
immunity present at birth.
A patients injury has initiated an immune response that involves
inflammation. What are the first cells to arrive at a site of inflammation?
A) Eosinophils
B) Red blood cells
C) Lymphocytes
D) Neutrophils Correct Ans - D) Neutrophils
Neutrophils are the first cells to arrive at the site where inflammation
occurs. Eosinophils increase in number during allergic reactions and stress
responses, but are not always present during inflammation. RBCs do not
migrate during an immune response. Lymphocytes become active but do
not migrate to the site of inflammation.
A nurse is admitting a patient who exhibits signs and symptoms of a
nutritional deficit. Inadequate intake of what nutrient increases a patients
susceptibility to infection?
,A) Vitamin B12
B) Unsaturated fats
C) Proteins
D) Complex carbohydrates Correct Ans - C) Proteins
Depletion of protein reserves results in atrophy of lymphoid tissues,
depression of antibody response, reduction in the number of circulating T
cells, and impaired phagocytic function. As a result, the patient has an
increased susceptibility to infection. Low intake of fat and vitamin
B12affects health, but is not noted to directly create a risk for infection.
Low intake of complex carbohydrates is not noted to constitute a direct risk
factor for infection.
A clinic nurse is caring for a patient admitted with AIDS. The nurse has
assessed that the patient is experiencing a progressive decline in cognitive,
behavioral, and motor functions. The nurse recognizes that these
symptoms are most likely related to the onset of what complication?
A) HIV encephalopathy
B) B-cell lymphoma
C) Kaposis sarcoma
D) Wasting syndrome Correct Ans - A) HIV encephalopathy
HIV encephalopathy is a clinical syndrome characterized by a progressive
decline in cognitive, behavioral, and motor functions. The other listed
complications do not normally have cognitive and behavioral
manifestations.
The mother of two young children has been diagnosed with HIV and
expresses fear of dying. How should the nurse best respond to the patient?
A) Would you like me to have the chaplain come speak with you?
B) Youll learn much about the promise of a cure for HIV.
C) Can you tell me what concerns you most about dying?
D) You need to maintain hope because you may live for several years.
Correct Ans - C) Can you tell me what concerns you most about dying?
The nurse can help the patient verbalize feelings and identify resources for
support. The nurse should respond with an open-ended question to help
, the patient to identify fears about being diagnosed with a life-threatening
chronic illness. Immediate deferral to spiritual care is not a substitute for
engaging with the patient. The nurse should attempt to foster hope, but not
in a way that downplays the patients expressed fears.
A nurse is working with a patient who was diagnosed with HIV several
months earlier. The nurse should recognize that a patient with HIV is
considered to have AIDS at the point when the CD4+ T-lymphocyte cell
count drops below what threshold?
A) 75 cells/mm3 of blood
B) 200 cells/mm3 of blood
C) 325 cells/mm3 of blood
D) 450 cells/mm3 of blood Correct Ans - B) 200 cells/mm3 of
blood
When CD4+ T-cell levels drop below 200 cells/mm3 of blood, the person is
said to have AIDS
A patient with a family history of allergies has suffered an allergic response
based on a genetic predisposition. This atopic response is usually mediated
by what immunoglobulin?
A) Immunoglobulin A
B) Immunoglobulin M
C) Immunoglobulin G
D) Immunoglobulin E Correct Ans - D) Immunoglobulin E
Atopy refers to allergic reactions characterized by the action of IgE
antibodies and a genetic predisposition to allergic reactions.
A patient has developed severe contact dermatitis with burning, itching,
cracking, and peeling of the skin on her hands. What should the nurse teach
the patient to do?
A) Wear powdered latex gloves when in public.
B) Wash her hands with antibacterial soap every few hours.
C) Maintain room temperature at 75F to 80F whenever possible.
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