Exam (elaborations)
AP BIOLOGY EXAM 2024 | Questions with 100% Correct Answers | Verified | Updated 2024
- Course
- Institution
AP BIOLOGY EXAM 2024 | Questions with 100% Correct Answers | Verified | Updated 2024
[Show more]
Content preview
AP BIOLOGY EXAM1.Water characteristics: polar, cohesion (hold together), adhesion (hold to
another substance), surface tension, specific heat, heat of vaporization
2.Surface Tension: A measure of how difficult it is to stretch or break the surface of a liquid
3.Specific Heat: amount of heat absorbed or lost to change temperature by 1C
4.Heat of Vaporization: the quantity of heat required to convert 1 from liquid to gas
5.Water polarity: uneven sharing of electrons that produces a negative charge near the oxygen atom and positive charges near each hydrogen atom
6.Water properties: solvent, cohesive, thermal
7.Organic Chemistry: the study of carbon compounds
8.Hydroxyl: OH-, alcohol/ethanol
9.Carbonyl: C=O, aldehyde, keytone
10.Carboxyl: O=C-OH, carboxylic acid as in acetic acid
11.Amino: H-N-H, amine as in tryptophan .Sulfhydryl: R-SH
13.four organic compounds: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids
14.Monosaccharides: glucose, fructose, galactose
15.Disaccharides: sucrose, lactose, maltose
16.Polysaccharides: glycogen, starch, cellulose
17.Glycogen: storage polysaccharide form of glucose in animals
18.Starch: storage polysaccharide form of glucose in plants
19.Cellulose: Carbohydrate component of plant cell walls.
20.Condensation v. Hydrolysis: Condensation: anabolic, water out Hydrolysis: catabolic, water in
21.Protein (condensation/hydrolysis): Amino acid ---> dipeptide ---> polypeptide
22.Carbohydrates (condensation/hydrolysis): Monosaccharide ---> Disaccha- ride ---> Polysaccharide
23.Glycosidic bond: bond formed by a dehydration reaction between two mono- saccharides (+ water in product)
24.2 families of nitrogenous bases: pyrimidines and purines
25.Complementary base pairing: A & T = 2 hydrogen bonds C & G = 3 hydrogen bonds .DNA Structure: Phosphodiester: between phosphates & sugars Covalent: between sugar & base pair
Hydrogen: between base pairs
27.Protein Structure: amino group-r side chain-carboxyl group
28.Primary: amino acid sequence, peptide bonds
29.Secondary: representing local structure, held by H+ bonds
30.Tertiary: folding of a single protein .Quaternary: protein complex
32.Two forms of proteins: globular (insoluble, structural) and fibrous (soluble, functional)
33.Fibrous proteins: long, insoluble, structural proteins (keratin, elastin)
34.Globular proteins: chunk, soluble (amylase, insulin, hemoglobin, immunoglo- bin, transport pumps)
35.Anabolic reactions: build complex molecules from simpler ones, endergonic, biosynthetic (example: photosynthesis)
36.Catabolic reactions: breakdown of molecules, exergonic, degradative
(exam- ple: cellular respiration)
37.First Law of Thermodynamics: Energy can be transferred and transformed, but it cannot be created or destroyed.
38.Second Law of Thermodynamics: Every energy transfer makes the universe more disordered = increases entropy
39.Free energy: amount of energy available to do work...”G =H”
40.”G (Gibbs): change in free energy” S T
41.H” (enthalpy): change in total energy
42.”S: change in entro py
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller NurseFerian. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $12.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
71184 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now