TEST BANK For Edmunds' Pharmacology for the Primary Care Provider, 5th Edition by Constance G Visovsky | Verified Chapters 1 - 73 | Complete Newest Version
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TEST BANK FOR EDMUNDS' PHARMACOLOGY FOR THE
PRIMARY CARE PROVIDER,5TH EDITION BY CONSTANCE G
VISOVSKY ALL CHAPTERS INCLUDED.
Chapter 01: Prescriptive Authority and Role Implementation: Tradition vs. Change
Test Bank
MULTIPLE
CHOICE
• Which of the following has influenced an emphasis on primary care education in
medicalschools?
a. Changes in Medicare reimbursement
methods recommended in 1992
b. Competition from nonphysicians desiring
to meet primary care shortages
c. The need for monopolistic control in the
marketplace of primary outpatient care
d. The recognition that nonphysicians have
variable success providing primary care
ANS: A
The Physician Payment Review Commission in 1992 directly increased financial
reimbursement to clinicians who provide primary care. Coupled with a shortage of
primary care providers, this incentive led medical schools to place greater emphasis
onpreparing primary care physicians. Competition from nonphysicians increased
coincidentally as professionals from other disciplines stepped up to meet the needs.
Nonphysicians have had increasing success at providing primary care and have
beenshown to be safe and effective.
• Which of the following statements is true about the prescribing practices of physicians?
a. Older physicians tend to prescribe more
appropriate medications than younger
physicians.
b. Antibiotic medications remain in the top
five classifications of medications
prescribed.
c. Most physicians rely on a “therapeutic
armamentarium” that consists of less than
, 100 drug preparations per physician.
d. The dominant form of drug information
used by primary care physicians continues
to be that provided by pharmaceutical
companies.
ANS: D
Even though most physicians claim to place little weight on drug advertisements,
pharmaceutical representatives, and patient preference and state that they rely on
academic sources for drug information, a study showed that commercial rather than
scientific sources of drug information dominated their drug information materials.
Younger physicians tend to prescribe fewer and more appropriate drugs. Antibiotics
havedropped out of the top five classifications of drugs prescribed. Most physicians
have a therapeutic armamentarium of about 144 drugs.
• As primary care nurse practitioners (NPs) continue to develop their role as
prescribers ofmedications, it will be important to:
a. attain the same level of expertise as
physicians who currently prescribe
medications.
b. learn from the experiences of physicians
and develop expertise based on evidence-
based practice.
c. maintain collaborative and supervisorial
relationships with physicians who will
oversee prescribing practices.
d. develop relationships with pharmaceutical
representatives to learn about new
medications as they are developed.
ANS: B
As nonphysicians develop the roles associated with prescriptive authority, it will be
important to learn from the past experiences of physicians and to develop
prescribing practices based on evidence-based medicine. It is hoped that all
prescribers, including physicians and nurse practitioners, will strive to do better than
in the past. NPs should work toward prescriptive authority and for practice that is
not supervised by another professional. Pharmaceutical representatives provide
information that carries some bias. Academic sources are better.
,Chapter 02: Historical Review of Prescriptive Authority: The Role of Nurses
(NPs, CNMs, CRNAs, and CNSs) and Physician Assistants
Test Bank
MULTIPLE
CHOICE
• A primary care NP will begin practicing in a state in which the governor has opted
out of the federal facility reimbursement requirement. The NP should be aware that
this defines how NPs may write prescriptions:
a. without physician supervision in private
practice.
b. as CRNAs without physician supervision
in a hospital setting.
c. in any situation but will not be reimbursed
for this by government insurers.
d. only with physician supervision in both
private practice and a hospital setting.
ANS: B
In 2001, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services changed the federal
physician supervision rule for CRNAs to allow state governors to opt out, allowing
CRNAs to writeprescriptions and dispense drugs without physician supervision.
• CRNAs in most states:
a. must have a Drug Enforcement
Administration (DEA) number to practice.
b. must have prescriptive authority to
practice.
c. order and administer controlled substances
but do not have full prescriptive authority.
d. administer medications, including
controlled substances, under direct
physician supervision.
ANS: C
, Only five states grant independent prescriptive authority to CRNAs. CRNAs do not
require prescriptive authority because they dispense a drug immediately to a patient
anddo not prescribe. Without prescriptive authority, they do not need a DEA number.
• A CNM:
a. may treat only women.
b. has prescriptive authority in all 50 states.
c. may administer only drugs used during
labor and delivery.
d. may practice only in birthing centers and
home birth settings.
ANS: B
CNMs have prescriptive authority in all 50 states. They may treat partners of women
for sexually transmitted diseases. They have full prescriptive authority and are not
limited to drugs used during childbirth. They practice in many other types of settings.
• In every state, prescriptive authority for NPs includes the ability to write prescriptions:
a. for controlled substances.
b. for specified classifications of
medications.
c. without physician-mandated involvement.
d. with full, independent prescriptive
authority.
ANS: B
All states now have some degree of prescriptive authority granted to NPs, but not
all states allow authority to prescribe controlled substances. Many states still
require somedegree of physician involvement with certain types of drugs.
• The current trend toward transitioning NP programs to the doctoral level will mean that:
a. NPs licensed in one state may practice in
other states.
b. full prescriptive authority will be granted
to all NPs with doctoral degrees.
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