Solutions for Undergraduate Instrumental Analysis, 8th Edition Bruno (All Chapters included)
40 views 0 purchase
Course
Certified instrument specialist
Institution
Certified Instrument Specialist
Complete Solutions Manual for Undergraduate Instrumental Analysis, 8th Edition by Thomas J. Bruno, James W. Robinson, George M. Frame II, Eileen Skelly Frame ; ISBN13: 9781032036915. (Full Chapters included Chapter 1 to 17)....
1. Concepts of Instrumental Analytical Chemistry
2. Safety in the Ins...
1.3 (a) See Section 1.3.2
(b) Analyze a known material, such as a National Institute of Standards and Technology Standard
Reference Material. Analyze the sample using a different procedure that is known to be reliable (i.e.,
a “standard method”).
1.4 Uncertainty is a quantity associated with the result of a measurement that characterizes the dispersion
of the values that could reasonably be attributed to the measurement, and ideally includes all factors
that are incorporated in the uncertainty budget, including any calibration or standardization.
Uncertainty ideally incorporates all of the factors that can influence dispersion about the measured
value (that is, the uncertainty budget). Precision is a description of the dispersion about a central or
average value of a measurement. Error is the difference (by subtraction) between the reference result
(or accepted true result) and the measured result of an analysis.
1.5 (a) The population standard deviation, σ, is the difference between the maximum and one inflection
point of a Gaussian distribution of answers. Mathematically, Eqn. 1.11 defines it.
(b) 95.5 % should fall within ± 2σ of the mean.
1.6 s = 0.10; σ = 0.097 = 0.10 (rounded off to 2 decimal places)
1.7 mean = 0.1022; average deviation = sum of the absolute deviations divided by the mean = (0.0001 +
0.0003 + 0.0003 + 0.0001)/0.1022 = 0.008; s = 0.0002; % RSD = 0.2 %; absolute error of the mean
= | 0.1022 – 0.1026| = 0.0004; relative error of the mean = (0.0004/0.1026) = 0.004.
1.8 4; 3; 2 (assume that the terminal zero is significant); 1; 3; 6 (assume that the terminal zero(s) is/are
significant).
1.9 6.483 rounds off to 6.5; 2.9879 rounds off to 3.0 (assume 1.0 has 2 sig. figs.); 7.77316 × 106 rounds
off to 7.8 × 106.
1.10 Using all data points: (a) mean = 2.17; (b) s = 0.12; (c) 2.17 ± 0.24; (d) 2.51 seems high. Without
using 2.51, recalculate a, b and c. New (a) mean = 2.13; (b) s =0.03; 4s = 0.12 and mean + 4s = 2.25.
Therefore 2.51 can be considered as a suspected outlier. Remind students that there is no test that
indicates a result can or should be rejected, only that it may be an outlier. (c) 2.13 ± 0.06. The second
set of values for a, b and c are correct.
1.11 (a) See Section 1.2.3;
(b) See Section 1.2.4
1.12 (a) See Section 1.3.2;
3
, (b) precision (Section 1.3.3.2)
1.13 (a) No, 2.13 + 0.06 = 2.19, which is less than 2.5 ppm.
(b) Yes, the lower limit is 2.13 – 0.6 = 2.07 ppm, which is greater than 2.00.
1.14 0.70 – 2(0.09) = 0.52 ppm Cu. The patient’s serum is within the 95 % CL for normal serum Cu based
on the test method (and well within the 99 % CL; 0.70 – 3(0.09) = 0.43 ppm). Treatment should not
be started. The doctor could have another serum Cu test done, along with a urine Cu test, to provide
more information, or should ask the laboratory if a method for serum Cu with a smaller standard
deviation (better precision) is available.
1.15 3.30 × 10-2
1.16 68.3 %
1.17 Using the Student’s t table (Table 1.9) and 7 degrees of freedom,
1.18 (a) 99.7 %;
(b) 95.5 %
1.19 Drift or flicker noise and some types of noise from the surroundings (building vibrations, power
lines) are frequency dependent. Decreasing the temperature of instrument components can decrease
thermal noise, a type of white noise.
1.20 (a) S/N = 1.50/0.299 =5.02;
(b) S/N = 100 is a 20 fold improvement over the current S/N. To improve the S/N by a factor of 20,
400 measurements must be averaged, since (400)1⁄2 = 20.
1.21 Figure 1.13
(b) S/N ≈ 4.3; Figure 1.13
(c) S/N ≈ 1.5. (b) is approximately 3 times greater than (c), therefore 9 measurements must be aver-
aged.
1.22
From Table 1.9, t for (N–1)=5 is 2.57. The calculated t of 3.31 > 2.57; therefore a significant differ-
4
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller mizhouubcca. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $29.49. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
