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USAHS Clinical Neuroscience – Questions & Answers
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USAHS Clinical Neuroscience – Questions & AnswersWhat are the 5 steps of neurological development in order? ✔️Ans -
Neurulation, cell proliferation, migration and aggregation, formation of
axonal and dendritic processes, and synaptogenesis
______________ involves the formation of the neural crest and neural tube.
✔️Ans - Neurulation
Cell proliferation occurs within the ________ _______. ✔️Ans - Neural tube
During the migration and aggregation phase of embryological development
the cells migrate/aggregate within _________ locations. ✔️Ans - Definitive
True or false:
Cranial nerves are formed during the formation of axonal and dendritic
processes phase of embryological development. ✔️Ans - True
____________ occurs around day 14 of development. ✔️Ans - Neurulation
During __________ the embryo is in the process of gastrolation. ✔️Ans -
Neurulation
The __________ is three cell layers thick and includes the ectoderm,
mesoderm, and endoderm. ✔️Ans - Gastrula
The entire nervous system is derived from the ____________ ___________.
✔️Ans - Embryonic ectoderm
On day _____ the notochord develops followed by the neural tube on day
_______. ✔️Ans - 21, 28
The _______ ________ develops into the the entire CNS. ✔️Ans - Neural tube
Neural crest cells develop into the ______. ✔️Ans - PNS
,What two pathologies can occur during the first stage of embryological
development? ✔️Ans - Spina bifida (failure of POSTERIOR neuropore to
close) and anencephaly (failure of the ANTERIOR neuropore to close)
What does the prosencephalon divide into? ✔️Ans - telencephalon and
diencephalon
What are the derivatives of the telencephalon and diencephalon? ✔️Ans -
telencephalon: rhinoencephalon (lateral ventricles)
diencephalon: thalamus, hypothalamus, optic nerves, neurohypophysis,
and pineal gland (third ventricle)
What is the derivative of the mesencephalon? ✔️Ans - Midbrain
(cerebral aqueduct)
What does the rhombencephalon divide into? ✔️Ans - metencephalon
and myelencephalon
What are the derivatives of the metencephalon and myelencephalon?
✔️Ans - Metencephalon: cerebellum and pons (fourth ventricle)
Myelencephalon: medulla (fourth ventricle)
What does the primitive neural tube divide into? ✔️Ans - Neural tube
and neural crest
What are the derivatives of the neural tube and neural crest? ✔️Ans -
Neural tube: spinal cord (central canal)
Neural crest: peripheral nerve ganglia
The anterior commissure is _________ to the posterior commissure. ✔️Ans
- Rostral
The thalamus is ________to the frontal lobe. ✔️Ans - Caudal
The cerebellum is _________ to the pons. ✔️Ans - Dorsal
, The anterior horn of the SC is _________ to the posterior horn of the SC.
✔️Ans - Ventral
During the __________ ___________ phase of embryological development the
sulcus limitans pushes bilaterally inside of the neural tube and starts to
divide the tube into a ventral and dorsal portion. ✔️Ans - Cell
proliferation (ventral portion= baslar plate; efferent motor and the dorsal
portion= alar plate; sensory)
During the cell proliferation phase the innermost layer (ependyaml aka
germinal) creates the lining of the __________. ✔️Ans - Ventricles (helps
the cilia)
During the cell proliferation phase the intermediate layer becomes the
___________. ✔️Ans - Mantle (gray matter)
During the cell proliferation phase the marginal layer becomes ________
________. ✔️Ans - White matter
During _________ migration the cells travel up the telencephalon from the SC.
✔️Ans - Radial
During ______________ migration the cells travel within the brain stem. This
occurs late in the migration process. ✔️Ans - Tangential
What two defects can occur in the migration phase of embryological
development? ✔️Ans - Dyslexia and lissencephaly (smooth brain = low
IQ)
During the differentiation phase of embryological development at 14 weeks
CN's _______, _______, ______, ______, and _____ form. ✔️Ans - 5, 7, 9, 10, and
12 (swallow/gag)
During the differentiation phase of embryological development at 25 weeks
CN's ________ _______ ______ and _____ form. ✔️Ans - 2, 3, 4, and 6 (visual
motor)
During the differentiation phase of embryological development at 28 weeks
CN ______ forms. ✔️Ans - 8 (hearing)
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