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Test Bank for Life-Span Development, 18th Edition John Santrock
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Questions And Answers Graded A+
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,1. According to Erik Erikson, the psychosocial stage that characterizes early childhood is:
A. initiative versus guilt.
B. autonomy versus shame and doubt.
C. industry versus inferiority.
D. trust versus mistrust.
Page: 238
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA LO: 1.1
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty Level: Easy
Learning Objective: 8.1: Discuss emotional and personality development in early childhood.
Topic: Initiative versus Guilt
2. According to Erik Erikson, the great governor of initiative is:
A. conscience.
B. independence.
C. fear.
D. obedience.
Page: 238
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA LO: 1.2
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty Level: Easy
Learning Objective: 8.1: Discuss emotional and personality development in early childhood.
Topic: Initiative versus Guilt
3. In Erikson's portrait of early childhood, the young child clearly has begun to develop , which is the
representation of self, the substance and content of self-conceptions.
A. self-control
B. self-confidence
C. self-understanding
D. self-centeredness
Page: 238
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA LO: 1.1
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty Level: Easy
Learning Objective: 8.1: Discuss emotional and personality development in early childhood.
Topic: Self-Understanding
4. Four-year-old Harlan says, "I'm always happy!" Researchers suggest that Harlan, like other kids his own age, has
self-descriptions that are typically:
A. reflective of reality.
B. reflective of what others think about them.
C. abstract and magical.
D. unrealistically positive.
Page: 239
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA LO: 1.3
Bloom's: Apply
Difficulty Level: Medium
Learning Objective: 8.1: Discuss emotional and personality development in early childhood.
Topic: Self-Understanding
5. especially plays a key role in children's ability to manage the demands and conflicts they face in interacting
with others. It is an important component of executive function.
A. Moral integrity
B. Emotion regulation
C. Moral development
D. Independence
,Page: 241
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA LO: 1.2
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty Level: Easy
Learning Objective: 8.1: Discuss emotional and personality development in early childhood.
Topic: Emotions
6. Hans feels ashamed when his parents say "You should feel bad about biting your sister!" To experience a
emotion like shame, Hans must be able to refer to himself as distinct from others.
A. social
B. self-conscious
C. penitent
D. sympathetic
Page: 240
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA LO: 1.2
APA LO: 1.3
Bloom's: Apply
Difficulty Level: Medium
Learning Objective: 8.1: Discuss emotional and personality development in early childhood.
Topic: Emotions
7. Self-conscious emotions do not appear to develop until self-awareness appears at approximately:
A. 1 to 2 months of age.
B. 4 to 8 months of age.
C. 6 to 12 months of age.
D. 15 to 18 months of age.
Page: 240
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA LO: 1.2
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty Level: Easy
Learning Objective: 8.1: Discuss emotional and personality development in early childhood.
Topic: Emotions
8. When Brianna is upset, her mother facilitates open discussion about why she is upset and helps her figure out how to
deal with the negative emotions. Therefore, Brianna's mother takes an approach to parenting.
A. emotion-dismissing
B. emotion-criticizing
C. emotion-coaching
D. emotion-encouraging
Page: 241
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA LO: 1.2
APA LO: 1.3
Bloom's: Apply
Difficulty Level: Medium
Learning Objective: 8.1: Discuss emotional and personality development in early childhood.
Topic: Emotions
9. parents interact with their children in a less rejecting manner, use more scaffolding and praise, and are more
nurturant than are emotion-dismissing parents.
A. Emotion-dismissing
B. Emotion-facilitator
C. Emotion-coaching
D. Emotion-encouraging
Page: 241
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA LO: 1.2
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty Level: Easy
Learning Objective: 8.1: Discuss emotional and personality development in early childhood.
Topic: Emotions
, 10. The children of parents are better at soothing themselves when they get upset, more effective in regulating
their negative affect, focus their attention better, and have fewer behavior problems than the children of emotion-
dismissing parents.
A. emotion-coaching
B. emotion-facilitator
C. emotion-encouraging
D. emotion-independent
Page: 241
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA LO: 1.2
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty Level: Medium
Learning Objective: 8.1: Discuss emotional and personality development in early childhood.
Topic: Emotions
11. Developmental psychologists would describe Jennifer as an "emotion-dismissing" parent to her son. In which of the
following types of behavior is Jennifer most likely to engage?
A. She praises her son when he performs a task well.
B. She ignores her child when he cries.
C. She engages in more scaffolding with her son.
D. She acknowledges her child's emotions.
Page: 241
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA LO: 1.3
Bloom's: Apply
Difficulty Level: Hard
Learning Objective: 8.1: Discuss emotional and personality development in early childhood.
Topic: Emotions
12. Barbara monitors her children's emotions, views their negative emotions as opportunities for teaching, and assists
her children in labeling their emotions. She is an:
A. emotion-facilitator parent.
B. emotion-supportive parent.
C. emotion-coaching parent.
D. emotion-encouraging parent.
Page: 241
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA LO: 1.2
APA LO: 1.3
Bloom's: Apply
Difficulty Level: Hard
Learning Objective: 8.1: Discuss emotional and personality development in early childhood.
Topic: Emotions
13. Marjorie chooses to deny, ignore, or change the negative emotions of her children. She is an:
A. emotion-coaching parent.
B. emotion-criticizing parent.
C. emotion-dismissing parent.
D. emotion-blind parent.
Page: 241
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA LO: 1.2
APA LO: 1.3
Bloom's: Apply
Difficulty Level: Hard
Learning Objective: 8.1: Discuss emotional and personality development in early childhood.
Topic: Emotions
14. Why is it challenging for parents to discuss emotional topics with their young children?
A. Young children often avoid the upsetting topics by changing the topic, pushing or running away.
B. They don’t want to know what upsets their child.
C. They are afraid they can’t comfort their child.
D. The parents struggle with their own emotions and change the topic.
Page: 241
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA LO: 1.2
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