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realism and liberalism essay plans for global politics EDEXCEL
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Realism and Liberalism essay plansAnalyse the different explanations which realism and liberalism provide for recent
developments in global politics since 2000. (2023)
Global governance
o Realist – IGOs only exist because states created them
Remain dominant – African countries threaten to withdraw from the
ICC due to perceived bias against African states
Retain ultimate power – BREXIT – UK triggered Article 50 of the Treaty
of Lisbon enabling them to leave
States retain ultimate power – ignore IGOs like
2014 Russia and Crimea and 2003 USA and Iraq (Acted with
the UNSC clearance mandate)
States pursue self interest – synoptically links to component
one and conservatism as Hobbes has a pessimistic view of
human nature viewing humans as selfish
o Liberal – IGOs are key to establish a world order governed by rules
MDG 2000 – global poverty 1.9 billion 2015 836 million
SDG (2015)- global goals on environment etc
Balance of Power
o Realist – to dominate rivals in a unipolar system and powerful states will
always be able to dominate less powerful states
April 2017 – Trump unleashed the Mother of All bombs (MOAB) in
Afghanistan
Chemical attack against Assad in 2017
o Liberal – use of military power can be counterproductive
Soft power (influence through persuasion) – Obama Cairo speech –
use of soft policy towards foreign policy and in particular the Arab
world
Germany 2015/16 during the migrant crisis – took a leading role and
welcomed many immigrants
Analyse the differences that exist between realists and liberals in the ways they view human
nature and power. (2022)
Power
o Realism - to dominate rivals in a unipolar system and powerful states will
always be able to dominate less powerful states
Hard power
Russia invaded Crimea in 2014 – challenge to Ukraine’s sovereignty
through hard power
April 2017 – Trump unleashed the Mother of All bombs (MOAB) in
Afghanistan
o Liberals - use of military power can be counterproductive , believe in soft
power
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