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Examine the differences between the International Court of Justice and the InternationalCriminal Court.
- The ICJ and ICC differ in the technical nuances of their working
o ICJ has 15 judges elected by the UN General Assembly
o ICC 18 judges elected by an assembly of the member countries
o The ICJ cannot initiate cases itself – only ones that have been referred to by
other UN bodies
o The ICC chief prosecutor (Fatou Bensounda Gambia) can launch
investigations of her own accord
- Purposes of the ICJ and ICC differ
o ICJ focuses on legal disputes between member states usually about
sovereignty
1992 border dispute between El Salvador and Honduras
2002 border dispute between Nigeria and Cameroon
o The ICC only prosecutes the 4 major crimes outlined in the Rome Statute
(1998)
Genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes and crimes of
oppression
Sentencing of Jean Pierre Bemba the VP of DRC for crimes
including the use of child soldiers
Examine the similarities in terms of membership, purpose and
effectiveness of the G7 and G20 0rgansiations and their impact on global
politics
- Membership
o G7 represents the world’s biggest economies – Canada,
France, uk, us, Italy, Japan, Germany
All follow a similar capitalist outlook
Members work together for a shared interest
o G20 members are big economic players and are even more
representative than the G7 accounting for 50% of global land
– brazil, china, Saudi etc
Aim is to also to work towards same goals like
promotion labour welfare despite having different
outlooks like China on best economic model for a
country to follow
- Purpose
o Both seek to make change on global issues including climate
change and terrorism
o Achieved through meetings, working with NGOs and IGOs
o Because they are a global group they can make an impact
globally
- Effectiveness
o G20 large membership – differences do occur
o One state, one vote policy – hard for agreements to make
, o G7 also disagree – Trump lashed out at Canada 2018 –
retracting endorsement of their joint statement
o Meetings at both G7 and G20 are non-disclosed so states lack
accountability – ineffective?
o Decisions are non-binding
Examine the criticisms that have been made of both the International Criminal Court and the
special UN tribunals. (2021)
- The ICC and UN Tribunals often take years to prosecute individuals
o UN tribunal set up for the war crimes in the Former Yugoslavia 1993
o Trial of Milosovic – over the war crimes he committed during the Yugoslavia
war
o Indicted in 1999
o Trial started in 2002 but he died during trial in 2006
o Critics argue that victims should not have to wait so long for courts to act and
that the length of the trials undermines the credibility
o Ages for justice
- States can disagree with decisions made by the ICC
o The US does not recognise the ICC
o Shows how those like the US who believe in state sovereignty above all else
believe that courts and tribunals should not challenge their authority
- Failed as a deterrent
o Numerous human rights violations continue to take place
o Like the Rohingya Muslims
o Critics argue that the ICC and UN tribunals have not been successful as they
have not deterred human right abuses
Examine the differences between the role and significance of NATO and the role and
significance of the UN.
- Focuses
o The UN was founded in 1945 following WW2 to cover various issues such as
peace and security, social issues and economic issues
o NATO formed in 1949 with the primary aim of providing security to the
members in order to defend communism – military and defence
o Has different bodies – WHO, ICJ
o UN – wider aims and objectives, NATO – narrower focus
- Membership – significance?
o UN covers 193 members
Encourages cooperation
o NATO 30 members – regional body
Not all countries can join
o NATO covers a narrow body and thus has a narrower role
Examine the differences that exist between hyperglobalisers and globalisationsceptics (2020)
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