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BCBA Exam - 5th Edition Task List|234 Questions and Answers|Verified
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BCBA Exam - 5th Edition TaskList|234 Questions and
Answers|Verified
Description - -a collection of facts about the observed events that can
be quantified, classified and examined for possible similarities to other
known facts; "I know what the behavior looks/sounds like". (e.g., you are
conducting a behavioral observation of a child in their math class. The
child engages in crying behaviors. You observe that the behavior only
occurs when the child is told by the classroom teacher that they "have
to complete their math worksheet before they can play" with a preferred
toy. You also observe that the child does not engage in crying behavior
during any other subject, and only asks for access to the preferred toy
during math class. This reflects an accurate description of the event(s)
being observed).
-Prediction - -repeated observations reveal that observing other events
can consistently result in accurately anticipating an outcome; "I know
when the behavior will occur". (e.g., you are observing a child in their
classroom who engages in screaming and banging on their desk when
the teacher does not pay attention to them. After several days of
observing this same interaction, you can predict that when the child is
not receiving attention from the teacher, they will engage in screaming
and banging on their desk).
-Control - -a specific change in one event can be reliably produced by
scientific manipulation of another event; this change is not due to other
factors of variables; "I can turn this behavior on and off like a faucet".
(e.g., a client in a residential treatment facility engages in self-injurious
behavior, and has been referred for a functional analysis. During the
analysis, the client does not engage in self injury during the play
(control), attention, or tangible conditions. During the demand
condition, however, the client engages in self injury every time they are
presented with a demand. Removing the demand consistently results in
termination of the self-injurious behavior).
-Selectionism - -all life forms naturally and continually evolve through
their learning history and evolutionary development. This happens at an
individual level, and also on a species level.
-Phylogeny - -the natural evolution of a species which includes the
inheritance of survival characteristics passed down from one generation
to the next.
-Ontogeny - -how the environment changes one individual over their
lifetime.
, -Empiricism - -objective observation of events in our environment, using
information from one or more of our five senses. Rejects the option of
accepting things as truth that are only known through channels outside
of our five senses.
-Determinism - -events that occur in the universe do not happen "out of
the blue." They occur in an orderly and predictable manner.
-Experimentation - -requires the manipulation of the independent
variable to see the effects on the dependent variable in order to
demonstrate a functional relation.
-Replication - -the repeating of already-completed experiments in order
to determine the reliability and usefulness of findings.
-Parsimony - -ruling out all simple, logical explanations before
considering more complex or abstract explanations.
-Philosophical doubt - -continue to question the truth of what is
regarded as fact. Have a very open, critical mind.
-Pragmatism - -that something has value, or is true, to the extent that is
leads to successful outcomes when practically applied.
-Radical behaviorism - -attempts to understand all human behavior,
including private events such as thoughts and feelings, in terms of
controlling variable in the history of the person (ontogeny) and the
species (phylogeny); accounts for private events by attributing them to
environmental considerations. Believes that thinking is the private act of
talking to oneself. Skinner was a radical behaviorist. S-R-S (antecedent
stimulus-operant response-consequence stimulus) model of
psychology/three-term contingency (e.g., your client engages in intense
ritual behaviors which include wearing certain clothing items at certain
times of the day. When you try to interrupt the client's engagement in
the ritual, they become extremely aggressive toward you. A team
member suggests that this behavior is caused by feelings of frustration.
As a radical behaviorist, you do not operate under the assumption that
feelings cause behaviors. Rather, feelings can make things in the
environment more or less valuable).
-Behaviorism - -science of behavior; emphasizes objective methods of
investigation and is rooted in the assumption that behavior results from
interactions between the environment and individual variables (such as
prior learning history). (e.g., you are teaching a client self-management
strategies to help them with their overeating behavior. You instruct
them to remove all junk food from their home, since you know that
when the client sees junk food, they are more likely to eat it. You also
instruct your client to avoid the junk food aisles at the grocery store and
to only shop the perimeter of the store since that is where the healthy
options are. Behaviorism is at work, since you are assisting the client
, with altering their environment to reduce stimuli that occasion
overeating behavior, while providing them with alternative options to
meet their goals).
-Experimental analysis of behavior (EAB) - -scientific study of behavior
to study behavior for its own sake (e.g., a researcher in a lab is studying
the effects of various reinforcement schedules using mice as subjects.
The mice complete a maze and receive food along the way. The
researcher finds that mice complete the maze faster when they used a
variable ratio schedule of reinforcement rather than a fixed interval
schedule of reinforcement).
-Applied behavior analysis (ABA) - -the application of behavioral
principles to human subjects as it related to areas that matter to people
(classroom management, instructional methods, generalization and
maintenance of learning, health and fitness, communication, etc.) (e.g.,
a clinician is studying the effects of a token economy with a group of
subjects in a clinic who all present with aggressive outbursts. The
hypothesis of the study is that the implementation of a token economy
will decrease the amount of verbal aggressive outburst the subjects).
-Professional practice guided by the science of behavior analysis - -
delivery of interventions to clients that are guided by the principles of
behaviorism and the research of experimental analysis of behavior and
applied behavior analysis (e.g., a behavioral psychologist is
implementing a chaining procedure to teach a client how to interact
safely with a sibling. The intervention steps, including when to provide
reinforcement, are guided by the research in applied behavior analysis).
-Generality - -when a behavior proves durable over time. When it
appears in a wide variety of possible environments, and/or if it spreads
to a wide variety of related behaviors.
-Effective - -when interventions improve a behavior in a practical
manner. When the intervention changes the behavior is sought to
change.
-Technological - -when procedures are described clearly and concisely
so that others may implement the procedures accurately.
-Applied - -when a behavior change enhances and improves the
everyday life of a learner, and those who are closest to the learner by
improving a socially significant behavior.
-Conceptually systematic - -when interventions are consistent with the
principles demonstrated in the literature and the research. When using
research-based techniques.
-Analytic - -when using data to make informed decisions. When a
practitioner is able to show that whenever he/she applies a certain
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