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CESSWI EXAM- 298 QUESTONS AND ANSWERS
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CESSWI EXAM- 298 QUESTONS AND ANSWERS
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CESSWI EXAM- 298 QUESTONS ANDANSWERS
Erosion - -process in which, by the actions of wind and/or water, soil
particles detached and transported
-Sediment - -eroded material suspended in wind or water
-Sedimentation - -deposition of eroded material
-Types of Erosion - -splash
sheet
rill
gully
channel
-Splash erosion - -raindrop impact energy is enough to dislodge surface
sediments
-sheet erosion - -caused by rain splash detaching soil particles lifting them
up and removing them by shallow "sheets" of water flowing down the sloped
soil surface
-Rill Erosion - -as flow concentrates, small channels begin to form in the soil
surface
-Gully Erosion - -Formed when runoff cuts rills deeper and wider or when
flows from several rills come together and form a large channels
-Channel Erosion - -may become unstable due to increased flows or
changes in upstream sediment load
-Natural erosion - -generally considered due to the influences of climate on
the surface of the earth
-Accelerated erosion - -natural erosion plus human activities
-What problems can accelerated erosion cause? - -Unrestricted
development
removal of surface cover
increased imperviousness
poor stewardship
, -Problems associated with construction related erosion - -problems for down
slope property owners
nuisance problems on streets
clog streams and storm drains
increased turbidity downstream
cover sensitive habitat with sediment
-Identify instream damages of sediment - -destruction of spawning areas,
food sources, habitat
direct toxicity to wildlife
lake degradation
filling of navigation channels
impacts to commercial fisheries
reduction of water storage capacities
-Suspended material - -sediment can affect light penetration, channel
stability, fisheries and habitat
-Name Off stream damages - -Increased flood hazards
increased water treatment costs
decreased capacity in conveyance facilities
higher infrastructure maintenance costs
-What has increased the amount of impervious surface in our watersheds? -
-Urbanization and development
-priority pollutants include - -nutrients
pathogens
heavy metals
toxics
sediment
salts
detergents
hydro carbons
-Clean Water Act (CWA) - -Federal Water Pollution Control Act enacted to
restore and maintain the chemical, physical and biological integrity of the
waters of the US
administered by USEPA
-Section 401 - -water quality certification
requires applicant, including any construction or operation of a facility, to
obtain certification to discharge ANY pollutant.
administered by the State
, -Section 402 - -NPDES Regs
-NPDES - -National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System
-MS4 - -Municipal Separate Storm Sewers Systems
-NURP - -Nationwide Urban Runoff Program
1987-1983
led to EPA regulating stormwater
-Phase I
(1987 - 1992) - -already covered by NPDES permit
facilities that engage in industrial activity
Large municipal storm systems (>250,000)
Medium municipal storms systems (100 - 250 K)
facilities that EPA said were significant contributors
-Storm Water Implementation Rule - -enacted April 1992, identified
minimum requirements for NPDES stormwater permits
-Section 404 - -regulates dredge / fill permitting into waters of the US
administered by USACE
-CZARA - -Coastal Zone Act Reauthorization Amendments (CZARA) of 1990
requires coastal zone states to develop Coastal Nonpoint Pollution Control
Programs
section 6217 nonpoint source in coastal areas
-stormwater - -stormwater runoff, snow melt runoff, and surface runoff and
drainage
-NPDES stormwater regulation say - -stormwater must be in any
discernable, confined, and discrete conveyance, including but not limited to
any pipe, ditch, channel, tunnel, well, discrete fissure, container, rolling
stock, concentrated feeding operation....
-waters of the US - -waters used for interstate or foreign commerce
all interstate waters including wetlands
all other waters, the use ofr degeration of which would affect interstate or
foreign commerce
impoundments of waters
territorial sea
wetlands adjacent to waters above
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