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2024 Portage Learning A&P 2: Final EXAM Latest Questions and Answers (Verified by Expert)
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2024 Portage Learning A&P 2: Final EXAM Latest Questions and Answers (Verified by Expert)
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PortageLearning
A&P
2:
Final
EXAM
Collection
of
cell
bodies
found
in
the
peripheral
nervous
system:
-
ANS
Ganglia
This
part
of
the
autonomic
system
increases
digestion.
-
ANS
parasympathetic
The
ventral
root
of
a
nerve
contains
what
type
of
neurons
-
ANS
motor
(efferent)
Part
of
neuron
that
conducts
nerve
impulse
away
from
cell
body
-
ANS
Axon
A
neuron
going
to
bicep
of
the
forearm
is
part
of
the
-
ANS
Peripheral/
Somatic
T/F:
Neurons
come
into
direct
physical
contact
w/
one
another.
-
ANS
False:
don't
physically
touch.
Describe
function
and
release
of
neurotransmitters
-
ANS
Neurotransmitters
are
chemicals
stored
inside
secretory
vesicles
(axon
terminal
vesicles)
at
the
end
of
the
axon
terminals.
When
neurotransmitters
are
released
by
the
axon
terminal
vesicles,
they
carry
the
transmission
of
the
nerve
impulse
from
one
neuron
to
another.
An
efferent
neuron
carries
information:
-
ANS
From
the
central
to
the
peripheral
nervous
system
An
afferent
neuron
carries
information:
-
ANS
From
the
peripheral
to
the
central
nervous
system.
An
interneuron
inside
the
spinal
cord
is
part
of
the:
-
ANS
central
nervous
system
Describe
the
synthesis
and
storage
of
neurotransmitters:
-
ANS
The
neuron
cell
body
manufactures
neurotransmitters,
which
are
stored
in
secretory
vesicles
at
the
end
of
axon
terminals.
A
postsynaptic
neuron
would
be
found
-
ANS
after
the
synapse
what
is
the
location
and
function
of
satellite
cells
-
ANS
location:
peripheral
nervous
system
function:
regulate
the
environment
of
neuron
cell
bodies.
what
is
the
location
and
function
of
astrocytes
-
ANS
location:
central
nervous
system,
the
brain
function:
forms
the
blood,
brain
barrier
A
patients
left
thumb
was
severed
in
a
cooking
accident
and
then
reattached
during
surgery.
Would
the
patient
be
expected
to
regrow
axons
in
their
thumb?
Why?
Why
not?
-
ANS
Yes. Peripheral
nerves
can
regenerate
the
length
of
an
axon
through
axonal
regeneration
because
of
the
growth
of
Schwann
cells
ahead
of
the
axon.
At
rest,
a
neuron
plasma
membrane
is:
-
ANS
Polarized
(around
-70mV)
Which
of
the
following
is
false
concerning
the
sodium-potassium
pump?
-
ANS
The
overall
effect
is
a
negative
charge
on
the
outside
of
the
membrane.
Which
of
the
following
is
true
concerning
the
sodium-potassium
pump?
-
ANS
It
must
remain
in
constant
operation
to
maintain
resting
state.
T/F
:
A
sensory
neuron
is
signaling
the
body
of
extreme
pain.
This
means
that
the
strength
of
the
action
potential
is
greater
than
usual.
-
ANS
False.
There
is
no
variation
in
the
strength
of
the
action
potentials.
(all
or
nothing)
There
is
a
variation
in
the
number
and
frequency
of
neurons
firing.
Which
of
the
following
statement
is
false
concerning
the
neuromuscular
junction?
-
ANS
ACh
is
released
from
the
presynaptic
motor
neuron
to
cause
an
action
potential
in
the
muscle
fiber.
Which
of
the
following
is
true
concerning
the
neuromuscular
junction?
-
ANS
The
NMJ
terminates
on
a
muscle
fiber.
How
is
a
message
sent
from
one
neuron
to
another?
-
ANS
There
is
a
minute
fluid-filled
space,
called
a
synapse,
between
the
axon
terminal
of
the
sending
neuron
and
the
dendrite
of
the
receiving
neuron.
When
a
nerve
impulse
reaches
the
end
of
an
axon,
neurotransmitters
are
released
into
the
synapse.
These
bind
with
a
receptor
on
the
next
neuron,
opening
Na+
gates
in
the
receiving
dendrite
which
causes
depolarization
and
the
impulse
is
carried.
Synapse!
What
neurotransmitter
is
found
in
the
neuromuscular
junction?
-
ANS
ACh,
Acetylcholine
What
neurotransmitter
helps
regulate
emotional
responses
and
muscle
tone?
-
ANS
Dopamine
In
a
reflex,
the
___________
neuron
conducts
nerve
impulses
along
a
pathway
towards
the
central
nervous
system.
-
ANS
Sensory
(afferent)
T/F:
Action
potentials
travel
in
one
direction
within
the
same
neuron.
-
ANS
True
T/F:
Reflexes
occur
only
with
conscious
intervention
from
the
brain.
-
ANS
False
In
a
reflex,
the
__________
neuron
conducts
nerve
impulses
along
a
pathway
to
create
a
response.
-
ANS
Motor
(efferent) This
is
part
of
a
reflex
is
inside
the
CNS,
made
up
of
one
or
more
synapses.
-
ANS
the
integration
center
Where
is
the
integration
center
of
a
reflex
located?
-
ANS
CNS
(central
nervous
system)
Which
of
the
following
is
true
about
reflexes?
-
ANS
Regulation
of
blood
sugar
by
hormones
is
one
example
of
a
reflex.
What
is
false
about
the
flexor
withdrawal
reflex?
-
ANS
It
does
not
involve
interneurons.
The
effect
of
the
reflex
is
to
create
a
co-contraction
of
two
muscles
What
is
true
about
stretch
reflexes?
-
ANS
The
muscle
spindle
detects
the
stretch
within
the
muscle.
What
is
true
about
the
flexor
withdrawal
reflex?
-
ANS
It
involves
excitatory
interneurons.
It
involves
inhibitory
interneurons.
You
touch
a
hot
pan
when
cooking.
List
out
the
steps,
in
detail,
of
the
nervous
pathway
of
the
reflex
that
occurs.
Include
any
sensory
organs
involved
and
the
action
of
the
reflex.
-
ANS
Flexor
withdrawal
reflex:
-
Pain
receptor
in
skin.
-
Sensory
(afferent)
neuron
through
DRG
-
Interneurons
in
spinal
cord
-
(1)
Excitatory
to
biceps
-
(2)
Inhibitory
to
triceps
-
Motor
neurons:
contract
biceps,
inhibit
triceps
-
Action:
Elbow
flexion
pulls
hand
away
Your
doctor
taps
on
your
patellar
tendon.
List
out
the
steps,
in
detail,
of
the
nervous
pathway
of
the
reflex
he
is
testing.
Include
any
sensory
organs
involved
and
the
action
of
the
reflex.
-
ANS
-
Stretch
on
patellar
tendon.
-
Muscle
spindle
detects
stretch.
-
Sensory
(afferent)
neuron
through
DRG
-
Interneurons
in
spinal
cord
-
Synapses
directly
on
a
motor
neuron
-
Action:
Quad
contracts
kicking
foot
out
Multiple
sclerosis
is
an
autoimmune
disease
which
attacks
the
myelin
sheath
of
the
nerve
axon.
Patients
with
this
disease
may
experience
difficulty
using
the
muscles
of
their
arms
and
legs.
Explain
why
this
occurs.
-
ANS
Myelin
increases
nerve
conduction
speed
and
protects
the
nerve.
If
the
myelin
is
damaged,
the
conduction
speed
would
be
slower
than
normal,
and
the
nerve
axon
itself
would
be
vulnerable
to
permanent
damage
without
the
myelin
present
for
protection.
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