Study/ Revision notes_CAIE AS-level History 9489: EUROPEAN HISTORY: THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION IN BRITAIN, 1750–1850
139 views 1 purchase
Course
9489 European History (CIEASLEVELHISTORY9489)
Institution
CIE
Book
Cambridge International AS Level History Modern Europe, 1750-1921
These revision notes follow the updated CAIE A-level History 9489 syllabus and scheme of work for for Paper 1/2: EUROPEAN HISTORY: THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION IN BRITAIN, 1750–1850 ). Easy to follow, clear and very detailed notes that cover all the core content topics, with exam guidance, structur...
Study/ Revision notes for CIE AS History 9489_Modern Europe, 1750–1921 The Russian Revolution, 1894–1921
CIE AS History 9489: European option: Modern Europe, 1750–1921: France, 1774–1814
All for this textbook (3)
Written for
A/AS Level
CIE
History
9489 European History (CIEASLEVELHISTORY9489)
All documents for this subject (1)
Seller
Follow
annjstevenson78
Reviews received
Content preview
Revision handout: Modern Europe, 1750–
1921
1 Causes of the Industrial Revolution
a The agricultural revolution: factors that increased agricultural output:
1 The enclosure movement - a larger unit owned by a single person
a inefficiencies of ‘open field system’ – e.g. fallow land (up to 35% of the
cultivated land not used every year)
b consolidation of land into larger, more efficient units -increased the amount
of food produced and better- quality animals reared
2 Improved soil fertility -
a better use of fertilisers and crops which increased nitrogen in the soil –
more animals bred and crops developed = prevented soil exhaustion
b enabled previously unproductive land to be farmed – with suitable type of
crops or animals = led to specialisation, more profit and increased
productivity
3 Crop rotation
a four-year cycle – wheat, barley, clover, turnips planted
b clover put nitrogen into soil, turnips used for animal feed
c no longer any need for fallow land or to slaughter animals in winter = more
productive land every year
4 Selective livestock breeding
a improved meat and milk production – by choosing the breeds of cattle
b enclosures reduced the risk of disease – by isolating animals in separate
fields
5 Better cereal cultivation
a increased wheat output – by choosing the right crops, use of fertilisers and
manure
b aristocracy keen to try new methods to increase output and profits
6 Links between agriculture and industry
a more food provided for growing urban population – profitable for farmers
b farming profits provided capital for investment in industry – more demands
for transport and manufacturing
, c better transport needed to transport food to cities – access to fresh food
d improved diets led to rising population = more demand for food and
greater profits for farmers
b The development of capitalism: investment, trade and commerce
1 Investment
a banking system provided loans at low interest rates – country
banks, local money lenders, Bank of England lent money at low
interest rates to start-up a business
b landowners and traders willing to invest in other enterprises – like in
transport industry, business and social enterprises
c insurance market ensured that risks of investment could be spread –
success stories of capital returns
2 Overseas trade
a overseas trade encouraged by British government and protected by
navy – income raised from taxes on imports and exports; finished
goods sold all over the world
b aristocrats invested in trading companies – e.g. the West India Company
and East India Company; powerful pressure groups were formed and
involved in policy making
c British colonies provided increased profits from trade – Britain fought wars
to gain commercial interests and new colonies = more profits for companies
d development of British ports and their transport facilities (e.g. Bristol and
Liverpool) – to efficiently transport import and export goods
e British agents (factors) placed in foreign ports – main tasks: to import
goods to Britain and develop markets for British goods overseas
f overseas demand for British goods grew (e.g. pottery, glass and metal) -
manufacturers ensured the goods arrived and their profits returned
g slave trade provided large profits (e.g. metal goods and textiles for slaves;
slaves for sugar, cotton and tobacco) = huge profits (capital earned invested
towards other projects like canals and railroads)
3 Commerce
a Even before 1750, Britain was exporting products such as woollen cloth,
lace, shoes etc. - which led to a growing domestic market and large export to
Europe or America
b production of goods prior to 1750s based largely on cottage industry -
mass production built on an already established system of commerce
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller annjstevenson78. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $17.87. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
