Penn Foster Veterinary Pharmacology Final Exam | Questions with 100% Correct Answers | Verified | Latest Update 2024 Describe how drugs affect the nervous system - ✔✔Drugs affect the nervous system by acting at the synaptic junctions to promote neurotransmitter's activity, mimic their actions, or block them from acting. Identify examples of respiratory drugs - ✔✔Expectorants, mucolytics, antitussives, bronchodilators, decongestants List which drugs are used to relieve pain and inflammation - ✔✔NSAIDs, Opioids, Antihistamines, muscle relaxers, steroids, nerve blocks Describe how antiparasitic drugs work - ✔✔Antiparasitic drugs work by destroying parasites or inhibiting their growth. Most work by interfering with the parasite's nervous system to prevent them from moving. Explain the veterinary technician's role in inventory control - ✔✔keeping the staff informed regarding discontinued items, knowing the dates on which backordered items will be released from the vendor, packing up goods awaiting return to the vendor (e.g., expired items), rotating stock correctly, maintaining current pric es on all products, organizing inventory for ease of location and counting, receiving and inspecting orders on arrival at the veterinary facility, and learning about new products. Define: Agonist - ✔✔Drug that has affinity for a receptor/stimulates receptor into action Define: Contraindication - ✔✔A reason not to use a drug in a particular situation Define: Efficacy - ✔✔the degree to which a drug produces its desired response. Define: Over -the-counter drug - ✔✔One that may be purchased without prescription from a veterinarian Define: Prescription Drug - ✔✔One that must be used under the supervision of a veterinarina Define: Receptor - ✔✔a group of specialized molecules on or in a cell that bind with a drug to produce an effect Define: Therapeutic Index - ✔✔expresses the relationship between a drug's therapeutic and harmful effects Define: Withdrawl Time - ✔✔Amount of time that must elapse between the end of drug therapy and elimination of that drug from patients tissues or products Define: Veterinarian -client -patient relationship - ✔✔Relationship that must exist between the vet, the patient, and the owner before prescription drugs can be dispensed. List 4 sources of drugs used in Vet Med - ✔✔Animal product, plant material, minerals, synthetic products What are 4 components of a drug regimen? - ✔✔Dose, route, frequency, and duration of administration. Discuss the conditions that must be met before a valid veterinarian -client -patient relationship can be shown to exist - ✔✔1.vet must assume responsibility for making clinical judgments in relation to health of the animal. 2. Vet must have recently seen the animal and be acquainted with it's care. 3.Vet must be available for follow -up care of the animal Discuss the responsibilities of a vet tech in the administration of drug orders - ✔✔To carry out the vet's orders correctly. should read the drug label three times to ensure proper drug is being administered and should take care to administer correct dose by correct route. Should be aware of the expected affects and potential adverse side effects and be able to monitor the patient. Describe the sequence of events that a drug undergoes from administration to excretion - ✔✔Drug is absorbed (or placed directly) into the bloodstream, the drug may bind with plasma in the blood or may exist in free state, circulating blood distributes drug to capillary level where it leaves circulation and enters interstitial fluid. it bathes th e cell and allows drug to bind to cell surface receptors or enter the cell. It then exits the cell and moves back into interstitial fluid, reenters circulation, and is transported to liver for metabolism. The metabolite is then transported to kidneys for excretion. List 11 possible routes for administering a drug to a patient. - ✔✔Oral, subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravenous, intraperitoneal, intraarterial, intracardiac, intramedullary, inhalation, topical, intradermal List some of the factors that influence drug absorption - ✔✔Method of absorption, pH of the drug and ionization status, absorptive surface area, blood supply to area, solubility of drug, dosage form, status of GI tract, and interactions with other drugs Most biotransformation occurs in the_____ - ✔✔Liver Most drug excretion occurs via the ______ - ✔✔Kidneys Drugs usually produce their effects by combining with specific cellular_____ - ✔✔Receptors The drug name chosen by the manufacturer and is exclusive property of that company is called - ✔✔Trade/Proprietary Name What are the 6 items that must be included on drug label? - ✔✔names (generic and trade) concentration, quantity, name and address of manufacturer, control or lot number, expiration date What are three government agencies that regulate the development, approval, and use of animal health products? - ✔✔FDA, EPA, USDA Why do many vet clinics dispense rather than prescribe most of the drugs that they use? - ✔✔Profit earned from selling products Describe the marketing of animal health products - ✔✔Purchased from manufacturers, distributors, or generic mail order companies. May be sold only one label to graduate veterinarians and under another as over -the-counter all FDA -approved veterinary drugs are listed in the publication entitled_____ - ✔✔The Green Book What is the purpose of FARAD? - ✔✔Provides resources concerning the avoidance of drug residues in animals Extralabel veterinary drug use was made legal (under prescribed circumstances) by what act of congress? - ✔✔Animal Medicinal Drug Use Clarification Act (AMDUCA) Define Compounding - ✔✔Diluting or combingin existing drugs What are potential dangers of residues in animal products - ✔✔May cause allergic reaction or neoplasia in people, may cause the development of antibiotic -resistant strains of bacteria List 3 classes of drug interactions - ✔✔Pharmacodynamic, pharmacokinetic, and pharmaceutic Drug interaction can be anticipated when two drugs are given that are both metabolized by the_____ - ✔✔Liver Define: Ethical Product - ✔✔one sold only through veterinarians as a policy of the manufacturer rather than by FDA requirement Once a drug has been biotransformed, it is called a_____ - ✔✔Metabolite A reason to use a drug is a(n)_____ - ✔✔Indication Diagnostic method of choosing a drug is based on all of the following except a. Practical experience b. Assesment of the patient c. Obtaining a history d. Performing lab tests - ✔✔A. Practical experience.
