Exam (elaborations)
NURS 5220: Modules 1 & 2
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NURS 5220: Modules 1 & 2
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NURS 5220: Modules 1 & 2Avoid stereotypes based on... - -...color or ethnic groups when interactive
with patient and families
-Providers need to have a competent cultural practice to... - -...adequately
understand a patients behaviors and practices
-Culture includes... - -...dietary observances, modes of communication
within a family and the expression of relationship boundaries within family
units
-Family Centered Care is... - -...a valuable skill to utilize in all settings and
increases the potential for successful management of chronic disease and
decreases the risk of readmission.
-Achieving cultural competence is a learning process that requires: - -1.
Self-awareness
2. Reflective practice
3. Knowledge of core cultural issues
-Cultural competence: - -1. Involves recognizing one's own culture, values
and biases, and using patient-centered communication skills
2. Requires adaptation to the unique needs of patients of backgrounds and
cultures that differ from one's own
3. Requires healthcare providers be sensitive to patients' heritage, sexual
orientation, socioeconomic situation, ethnicity, and cultural background
-Culture in the broadest sense reflects the whole of human behavior,
including: - -1. Ideas and attitudes
2. Ways of relating to each other
3. Manners of speaking
4. Material products of physical effort, ingenuity, and imagination
-"Culture" includes: - -Language
Beliefs
Etiquette
Law
Morals
Entertainment
Education
Sets of dynamically evolving shared traits
An individual may belong to more than one cultural group or subgroup.
,It is inappropriate to use physical characteristics to distinguish a cultural
group.
-Cultural Humility - -Recognition of one's limitations in knowledge and
cultural perspectives; being open to new perspectives
Involves:
viewing patients as individuals
self-reflection and self-critique
meeting patients "where they are"
-Impact of culture - -Influences the way patients seek medical care and the
way clinicians provide care include
1. age
2. gender
3. race
4. ethnic group
5. cultural attitudes
6. regional differences
7. socioeconomic status
-Blurring of cultural distinctions - -1. Cultural differences are malleable in a
way that physical characteristics may not be
2. Modern technology and economics may eventually lead to universality in
language, but we can begin by acknowledging and overcoming our individual
biases and cultural stereotypes.
3. Use of medical interpreters has a positive impact on health care.
-Primacy of the Individual in Health Care - -1. Predicting an individual
patient's character merely on the basis of common cultural traits or
stereotypes is not appropriate
2. Cultural attitudes may constrain professional behavior and confuse the
context in which the patient is served
3. Each individual is unique
-Impact of Culture on Illness - -1. Disease is shaped by illness and illness is
shaped by the totality of the patient's experience
2. Cancers are diseases - the patient dealing with, reacting to, and trying to
live with a disease is having an illness
3. Healthcare providers must consider the substance of illness - the biologic,
emotional, and cultural aspects - or else fail to offer complete care.
-Modes of Communication - -1. The use of speech eye contact, touch, and
silence.
, 2. Cultural variation in communication suggests a variety of behaviors within
groups.
3. The cultural and physical characteristics of both patient and practitioner
may significantly influence communication.
-Health Beliefs and Practices - -1. Patient view of health, illness and
approach to cure are shaped by culture and faith belief.
2. Imbalance can result in illness.
3. Faith-based or naturalistic beliefs can conflict with treatment options.
4. Herbs, rituals, religious artifacts.
-Family Relationships - -1. Family structure and the social organizations to
which a patient belongs are among many imprinting and constraining
cultural forces in a person's life.
2. One type of already known behavior may predict another type of behavior
3. A patient may belong to many groups, and the attitudes and behaviors of
one group can modify and impact the cultural values of the other groups to
which the person belongs.
-Diet and Nutritional Practices - -1. Beliefs and practices related to food, as
well as the social significance of food, play a vital role in everyday life.
2. Some of these beliefs of cultural and/or faith-based significance may have
an impact on the care you provide:
Orthodox Jew
Muslim
Chinese
Herbal, home, and natural therapies
Complementary and alternative therapies
-Food nourishes the body by supplying nutrients and calories to function in
three ways: - -1. Provide energy for necessary activities
2. Provide for building and maintaining body tissue
3. Regulate body processes
-The nutrients necessary to the body are classified as: - -1. Macronutrients:
protein, fat, carbohydrates
2. Micronutrients: vitamins, minerals, electrolytes
3. Water
-Nutrition assessment includes: - -1. Recent growth, weight loss/gain
2. Chronic illnesses affecting nutritional status or intake
3. Medication and supplement use
4. Assessment of nutrient intake
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