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Summary of Scanning Probe microscopy techniques
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A summary page of SPM and Atomic Force Microscopy
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Biophysics Techniques - Scanning Probe MicroscopyScanning Probe Microscopy (SPM)
What is it? How does it work?
• Scanning probe microscopy (SPM) is an umbrella term for imaging techniques that use probes
to 'sense' the surface of a substance, instead of using light to image it.
• Scanning probe techniques were created in 1981, when a microscope with an atomically sharp
tip to move over the surface of substances was suggested
• Scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM) was the first type of SPM to be used:
• To form an image, the tip is scanned across the surface in x-y and the tunnelling current
is measured
• The tunnelling current is exponentially dependant on the tip-sample distance
2m ϕ
• Is = C V exp (−2 s)
ℏ
• A topography image is formed by displaying feedback voltage, with the need to maintain
a constant tunnelling current
Resolution: 0.01nm in z and 0.2nm in x-y
Set up:
SPM images of enzymatically treated wood
cell walls. The cell wall surface topography is
flat (a) and rough (b)
Schematic of SPM equipment
Pros Cons
No diffraction limit to resolution Images are produced in black and white, which can
sometimes exaggerate the specimens shape or size
Atomic resolution possible
Usable on vacuum, gas or liquid environment
Non-destructive
Allows deliberate surface modification
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