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DSM-V and ICD-10 summary individual differences in diagnosis

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diagnostic manuals DSM-V and ICD-10 summary and evaluation key words highlighted individual differences in diagnosis as counter arguments in essay

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  • January 1, 2024
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6

● No objective measures for 4Ds: therapist uses their professional
judgment

Used by different therapists= reach different diagnoses

E.g. Dissociative Identity Disorder (multiple personality) recognised in
USA but not in UK

● 5th D : duration (too long = abnormal)

E.g. Schizophrenia Undifferentiated: symptoms for more hrs but the
disorder : +1 month not longer than 6 months

● Conducted through clinical (semi-structured) interviews :
- Unreliable
- Subjective
- Biased

E.g. African-Caribbean in UK 3-5 times mL diagnosed with schizophrenia

mL diagnosed with mental disorders if poor, woman (more willing to report emotional
problems like depression, hallucinations)




DIAGNOSTIC MANUALS
● Checklist of signs + symptoms helping clinician reach diagnosis of specific
MHD by process of elimination

● Help psychiatrists to communicate using a common system of diagnosis
and make objective, reliable diagnoses

● Don’t speculate about cause of disorder

● Based on observed statistical patterns, not common causes



1) Classification into different types

, 7

Psychoses (e.g. schizophrenia) = break from reality

Neuroses (e.g. depression) = inappropriate responses to real situations

2) Symptoms : changes
- Physical: brain activity, hormone levels
- Behavioural : involuntary tics and shaking
- Cognitive : hallucinations, delusions
- Affective : mood swings



DIAGNOSTIC & STATISTICAL MANUAL (DSM) IV
5 axes (scales / dimensions)

1. Psychiatric diagnoses
2. Personality disorders
3. General medical conditions
4. Environmental stress
5. Global functioning (in society without help)



+ Integrative approach with greater cultural sensitivity:
Recognise some cultures exhibit + explain symptoms differently
from others
Distress expressed differently
= addressed to acknowledge cultural manifestation of
symptoms Culture bound syndromes: understood differently in
different cultures
+ Less reductionist , more holistic by looking at complete health picture
rather than defining them as set of symptoms

DSM V

Abolish 5 axes: artificial , hard to draw links btw different symptoms

3 sections :

1. Introduction to manual + how it’s organised
2. List of mental disorders

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