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Summary of the endocrine system and hormones
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An in depth summary of the pituitary, adrenal glands and associated hormones.
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HORMONESHypothalamus
A small area of the brain found above the pituitary gland.
Involved in controlling homeostasis and hormone release.
It controls hormone release by controlling the pituitary gland.
Pituitary gland
Seen as the master hormone as it secretes many hormones.
Consists of 2 lobes: anterior and posterior pituitary
Anterior synthesises hormones to be released around the body.
The posterior pituitary doesn’t synthesise hormones, they are sent hormones from
the hypothalamus to secrete to the rest of the body.
Anterior pituitary: how are hormones released to the rest of the body?
The hypothalamus releases “releasing hormones” from specialised neurones called
the neurosecretory cells.
These travel down from the hypothalamus to the anterior lobe.
They bind to receptors on the endocrine cells in the anterior lobe.
This causes the synthesis and release of certain hormones.
Which hormone is released depends on the type of releasing hormone.
Examples of these releasing hormones include:
o gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
o corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)
o thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)
o growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH)
o and dopamine (prolactin-inhibiting hormone)
Anterior pituitary: what hormones are produced?
Remember FLAT PiG (silent i)
FSH: follicle-stimulating hormone which is for growth and reproduction.
, LH: luteinizing hormone is for testosterone production and reproduction.
ACTH: adrenocorticotropic hormone is for stress and fear responses.
TSH: thyroid stimulating hormone for metabolism.
GH: growth
Prolactin: promotes milk production in females.
Posterior pituitary hormones, roles and how they are released.
The posterior pituitary is an extension of the hypothalamus.
Magnocellular neurones run down towards the lobe.
These neurons contain the genetic instructions and necessary machinery to produce
these peptide hormones.
Once synthesized, oxytocin and vasopressin are transported down the axons of these
neurons.
stored in nerve endings located in the posterior pituitary gland.
to be released to the rest of the body.
Oxytocin: contraction of the uterus during childbirth
Anti-diuretic hormone/vasopressin: urine output and regulates blood pressure.
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