BIOL 235 Midterm Exam 2 With Complete Solution(100% Verified) 185 Questions with 100% Correct Answers
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Course
BIOS
Institution
BIOS
1. between the origin and insertion which is usually located proximally in limbs ? - Origin
2. What happens during REVERSE MUSCLE ACTION? - specific movements of the body the
actions are reversed THEREFOR the positions of the origin and insertion of a muscle are
switched
3. What is a mechanical...
BIOL 235 Midterm Exam 2 With Complete Solution(100% Verified) 185 Questions with 100% Correct Answers 1. between the origin and insertion which is usually located proximally in limbs ? - ✔✔Origin 2. What happens during REVERSE MUSCLE ACTION? - ✔✔specific movements of the body the actions are reversed THEREFOR the positions of the origin and insertion of a muscl e are switched 3. What is a mechanical advantage using the example of a lever? - ✔✔if the load is closer to the fulcrum and the effort is farther from the fulcrum only a small about of effort is needed to move the load 4. Bones serve as levers and joints serve as ________ for the lever - ✔✔fulcrum 5. Agonist (Prime Movers) _________ muscles while antagonist ____________ muscles - ✔✔contract, relax 6. What are muscles that contract and stabilize the intermediate joints called? - ✔✔synergists 7. What is a group of skel etal muscles, their blood vessels, and nerves called? - ✔✔Compartment 8. Origin an insertion of the masseter - ✔✔Origin = maxilla and zygomatic arch Insertion = angle and ramus of the mandible 9. What is the origin of the deltoid ? - ✔✔acromial extremity of cl avicle, acromion, and spine of scapula 10. What are the 3 muscles that make up the hamstring ? - ✔✔semimebranosous, semitendinosus, biceps femoris 11. What 4 muscles make up the Quads ? - ✔✔rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedialis 12. What do you call a small mass of nervous tissue that is made up primarily of neuron cell bodies? - ✔✔Ganglia 13. The somatic nervous system only sends impulses to ________ muscles - ✔✔skeletal 14. Fight or Flight is associated with which division of the autonom ic nervous system? - ✔✔Sympathetic 15. What is the ability to respond to a stimulus and convert it into an action potential? - ✔✔electrical excitability 16. What type of neurons usually have several dendrite and on axon , and are norm ally found in brain and spi nal cord as well as motor neurons? - ✔✔Multipolar 17. What type of neurons have one main dendrite and one axon as well as are primarily found in the retina of the eye, inner ear, and the olfactory area of brain? - ✔✔Bipolar 18. What type of neurons has dendrites and one axon that are fused together to form a continuous process that emerges from the cell body? - ✔✔Unipolar or Pseudounipolar 19. The processes of ________ make contact with blood capillaries, neurons, and the pia mater - ✔✔astrocytes 20. What neuroglia has these functions? 1. contain microfilaments that give them strength and allow them to support neurons 2. contributes to the effectiveness of BBB 3.in embyro, they secret chemicals that regulate things 3. help maintain an appropriate chemical environment for nerve impulse generation 4. play a role in hearing and memory - ✔✔Astrocytes 21. What neuroglia resemble astrocytes but are smaller and contain fewer processes as well as are responsible fro forming nd maintiang myelin sheath? - ✔✔Oligodendrocytes 22. What neuroglia are small cells with slender processes that give them a spi ne like projections as well as act as phagocytes? - ✔✔Microglial Cells 23. What type of neurglia cells are cuboidal and columanr arranged in a single layer that possess microvilli and cilia? they produce and possibly monitor and assist in the circulation of C SF - ✔✔Ependymal Cells 24. What are the 2 types of neuroglia in the PNS? - ✔✔Schwann and satellite cells 25. What type of motor neuron directly supplies skeletal muscle fibers? - ✔✔lower motor neurons 26. What do all of these factors contribute to? 1. unequal distrib ution of ions in the ECF and cytosol 2. inability of most anions to leave the cells 3. electrogenic nature of the sodium potassium ATPases - ✔✔Resting membrane potential 27. Hyperpolarized cells are _______ negative inside ? - ✔✔More 28. What mode of travel by which g raded potentials die out as they spread along the membrane ? - ✔✔decremental conduction 29. What kind of ion channels are found in nearly all cells, including dendrites, cell bodies, and axons of all types of neurons? - ✔✔Leak channels
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