Summary USMLE step 1 Physiology of Autonomic Nervous system - Study guide - Study smarter not harder - your guide to pass the exam
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Physiology
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Physiology
USMLE step 1 Physiology of Autonomic Nervous system - Study guide - Study smarter not harder - your guide to pass the exam = Homeostasis
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SECTION I
AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
,SECTION I CHAPTER I
!GENERAL FEATURES OF THE AUTONOMIC N.S. I
Definition of the autonomic nervous system (A.N.S.)
The A.N.S. is a part or the nervous system that controls the involuntary
functions in the body i.e. functions of the viscera. glands. heart and blood
vessels (so it is also called the ''isceral or im•olumary llt!rl'ous system ). In
contrast. the' oluntnry function~ arc controlled b) a much larger pan of the
ncn ous system called the .\ ollwtic: .V.S. (soma /mc/1·) "hich is common I)
known as the celltrtil 11er1'tms system (or the C.N.S. ).
Figure I : Various parts of the human brain.
Functional anatomy of the nervous system
Anatomically. the nervous system is di' i(kd into 2 parts:
(A) Central nervo us system :This is fanned of the bmi11 and spinal cord.
(1) The brain : From above downwards. it eon~ists of the following
parts (figure I):
(a) Tire cerebral cortex : This is formed or 2 cerebral ltemi-
splteres, bdow which there arc several important nuclei (lite thalamus,
hypotltalamus and ba.\l/1 ganglia).
(b) Tlte brain .\Iem : This contains from abo' c downwards. the
midbrain, pons and medulla oblo11gata.
(c) Tlte cerebellum .
(2) T he spinal co rd : I h1s is formed of 31 .\ egment.\ \\ hich arc fi·om
above downwards, 8 c:erl'ic:a/, 12 thoracic:. 5 lumbar. 5 sac:ml and 011e
c:oc:c:ygea/ segm ent (figure 2).
, 2
Section I - Chapter 1 The spinal cord
+!l~:..._-CE'-VICAL
ENLA'-CiH1£NT
~~~'-',___,.LUHM'
ENLAP.GE1'1ENT
'll
COCCYGEAL Nf~VE
Figure 2 : The spinal cord.
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