NBME CBSE, ANSWERED-Bulbus cordis - Smooth parts (outflow tract) of left and right ventricles
endocardial cushions - Atrial septum, membranous interventricular septum; AV and semilunar valves
neural crest
left horn of the sinus venosus - coronary sinus
posterior, sub cardinal, and supra...
NBME CBSE, ANSWERED
Bulbus cordis - Smooth parts (outflow tract) of left and right ventricles
endocardial cushions - Atrial septum, membranous interventricular septum; AV
and semilunar valves
neural crest
left horn of the sinus venosus - coronary sinus
posterior, sub cardinal, and supra cardinal veins - IVC
Right common cardinal vein and right anterior cardinal vein - SVC
Right horn of sinus venosus - Smooth part of right atrium (sinus venarum)
Patent foramen ovale - failure of septum primum and septum secundum to fuse
after birth
Transposition of the great vessels
Tetralogy of Fallot
Persistent truncus arteriosus - Conotruncal abnormalities associated with failure of
neural crest cells to migrate
ductus venosus - connects the umbilical vein to the inferior vena cava, bypassing
the liver
becomes ligamentum venosum
phrenic nerve - innervates the diaphragm and pericardium
S3 heart sound - Increased ventricular filling pressure (e.g., mitral regurgitation,
HF), common in dilated ventricles
,normal in kids and pregnant women
S4 heart sound - atrial kick late diastole, right before S1
Mg sulfate - for torsades de pointe, hypokalemia (can lengthen QT and cause
torsades), and pre-eclampsia (prevent seizures)
Romano-Ward syndrome - -Congenital long QT syndrome
-Autosomal dominant, pure cardiac phenotype (no deafness).
Jervell and Lange-Nielsen syndrome - -Congenital long QT syndrome
-Autosomal recessive, sensorineural deafness
Brugada syndrome - -Autosomal dominant disorder affecting Na channels most
common in Asian males.
-ECG pattern of pseudo-right bundle branch block and ST elevations in V1-V3
(anterior ventricular septum)
-inc risk of ventricular tachyarrhythmias and sudden cardiac deatgh
Prevent SCD with implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD).
Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome - Most common type of ventriuclar pre-
excitation sydnrome. Abnormal fast accessory conduction pathway from atria to
venricle bypasses the rate-slowing AV node causing a delta wave and widening
QRS with shortened PR interval. Could lead to a reentrant circuit and
suprvaventicular tachy.
First degree AV block - - PRI >5 boxes/.20 sec (200 msec)
- Fixed but prolonged PRI
(consistent but long)
- normally get bradycardia here
second degree AV block mobitz type 2 - -PR interval is constant
, -atrial conduction to ventricle is intermittent: dropped QRS without increasing PR
interval length
-disease below AV node in His bundle
may progress to 3rd degree/complete AV block
Second Degree AV Block Mobitz Type 1 (wenckebach) - Progressive lengthening
of pr interval leading to dropped QRS
third degree AV block - The atria and Ventricles are totally dissociated.
-So, the QRSs and the P waves have no relation to each other.
PCWP - 4-12 mmHg
est of LA pressure
Williams Syndrome - a genetic condition characterized by mental retardation in
most regards but surprisingly good use of language relative to their other abilities,
elfin facies
Chromosome 7
assoc with supravalvular aortic stenosis
DiGeorge Syndrome - Maldevelopment of 3 and 4 pharyngeal pouches, fascial
dysmorphia, cardiac shunt (trunks arteriosus, tetralogy of Fallot), lack of T-cells,
undeveloped paracortex
Corneal arcus - Lipid deposits in the cornea. Common in the elderly, but appears
earlier in life with hypercholesterolemia
Stanford A aortic dissection - Dissection of the ascending aorta
Tx with surgery
Stanford B aortic dissection - Dissection of the descending aorta below the level o
the left subclavian artery
Tx: Beta Blockers then vasodilators
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller ProfMiaKennedy. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $10.04. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
