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Irene Gold Boards Part I - Spinal Anatomy – Q&A
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Irene Gold Boards Part I - Spinal Anatomy – Q&A
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Irene Gold Boards Part I - Spinal Anatomy – Q&AWhat is derived from the ENDODERM ✔️Ans - Organs, gut, respiratory
tract (tubular structures)
What is derived from each part of the MESODERM
Paraxial Somatic ✔️Ans - Paraxial - Somatic - muscles tendons ligaments
What is derived from each part of the MESODERM
Paraxial Splanchnic ✔️Ans - Paraxial - splanchnic - smooth muscle of
organs
What is derived from each part of the MESODERM
Intermediate ✔️Ans - Intermediate - urogenital system and kidneys
What is derived from each part of the MESODERM
Head ✔️Ans - Head - skull muscles, dentine of teeth
What is derived from each part of the MESODERM
Lateral Plate ✔️Ans - LateralPlate - adrenal cortex CT, cardiovascular an
lymph
What is derived from each part of the ECTODERM
Surface Ectoderm
Neuroectoderm
-Neural Tube
-Neural Crest ✔️Ans - Surface Ectoderm - epidermis, ant. Pituitary, lens of
eye skin, enamel, hair, nails
Neuroectoderm/Tube - post pituitary, retina of eye, CNS, oligodendrocyte
CNS - brain/cord
Outside CNS - sympathetic chain, DRG, AND, PNS, Schwann Cells, Parafollicular
cells thyroid, adrenal medulla
Embryological order starting with NOTOCORD---- ✔️Ans - Notocord -
Neural Groove - Neural Tube - Neural Crest Cells
CNS pathology from neural tube:
Spina Bifida Occula ✔️Ans - Spina Bifida Occulta - lamina fail to fuse
,Meningocele ✔️Ans - Meningocele - meninges protrude from cord
Myeloclele ✔️Ans - Myelocele - cord protrudes out - undeveloped meninges
Meningomyelocele ✔️Ans - Meningomyelocele - cord and meninges
protrude out
Arnold Chiari I and II ✔️Ans - Arnold Chiari - type I - cerebellar peduncles
fall through magnum
type II = plus meningomyelocele
Cleft Palate ✔️Ans - Cleft Palate - maxillary and palatine fail to fuse
Embryological development of Mesoderm ✔️Ans - Notochord - nucleus
pulposus
31 pair mesodermal somites from paraxial mesoderm
-Sclerotome - membranous vertebral colun
- myotome - muscle
---somatic - skeletal muscle
---splanchnic - smooth muscle
---epimere - dorsal, posterior mm extensors
---hypomere - ventral, anterior mm, flexors
Dermatome - nerves
Ossification development embryo ✔️Ans -
Intramembranous/intramedullary - mesenchymal tissue to bone, clavicle and
skull flat bones
Enchondral ossification - cartilage to bone - everything but clavicle and skull
GI embryology
Mouth
Foregut
Midgut
Hindgut ✔️Ans - Mouth - stomodeum
Foregut - back of throat to 1st one-third (1/3) of duodenum
Midgut - last two-thirds (2/3) duodenum to 1st two-thirds (2/3) transverse
colon
, Hindgut - last one-third (1/3) transverse colon to anus
Gubernaculum ✔️Ans - Males - scrotal ligament aka gubernacular testis
Females - suspensory ligament of ovary, ovarian ligament and round ligament
START PAGE 2
Dendrites impulse ______ cell body
Axons impulse _______ cell body ✔️Ans - Dendrites - send impulse toward
body
Axons - send impulse away from body
Path from stimulus to motor response ✔️Ans - Receptor/Dendrite
Peripheral Nerve
Cord
Brainstem/Cerebellum
Thalamus/Parietal Lobe
Wernicke's Area
Limbic System
Motor Response
Resting membrane potential
Muscle
Nerve ✔️Ans - Muscle = -90 (-85/-90)
Nerve = -70 (-65/-70)
Overall electric charge inside and outside cell ✔️Ans - Inside is negative
(large protein molecules)
Outside positive (NA+)
Depolarization = ✔️Ans - NA+ channels open and NA+ rushes in
Dorsal Column Receptors
Paccinion
Ruffini
Meissner/Merkel
Free Endings ✔️Ans - Paccini - vibraiton
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