NUR 341Pharmacology Exam (259 Qs & As)
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Pharmacokinetics - Correct answer what the body does to the drug
This includes
absorption
distribution
metabolism (biotransformation)
elimination
What does the liver do to a drug - Correct answer it is the primary metabolism
organ in the body
what does the kidney do to a drug - Correct answer the kidney is primary in
excretion
absorption - Correct answer the process by which a drug moves across 1+ cell
membranes from its site of administration into the blood.
Pharmodynamics - Correct answer what the drug does to the body
this includes:
the change that is caused by the drug
Drug action
mechanism of action
Pharmacokinetics includes which 4 processes? - Correct answer absorption,
distribution, metabolism, and elimination
what does pharmacokinetics determine? - Correct answer -the onset of a drugs
effect(how long it takes to start working
-intensity of a drug
(all depend on pt related factors)
factors that influence absorption - Correct answer -drug chemistry (solubility,
polarity)
-route of administration (oral vs IV)
-coating on the drug
what are some common routes of drug administration - Correct answer enteral,
parenteral and inhaled
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,Enteral administration - Correct answer includes oral admin
sublingual admin- under the tongue
buccal admin- inside the cheek
rectal admin
parenteral administration - Correct answer injecting a medication into body
tissues.
includes:
intravenous (IV)
intramuscular (IM)
subcutaneously (subQ)- injecting the drug into the tissue later between skin and
muscles.
IV route of administration - Correct answer pumped directly into R heart
does not interfere with the liver, not metabolized initially, preferred for this reason
(immediate and intense effects)
Absorption is immediate!!!
Oral route of administration absorption characteristics - Correct answer the drug
passes through the liver for metabolism
motility is important factor with these types of admin because it can effect
absorption.
Ex: pt has diarrhea and vomiting-drug cannot be absorbed-pt receives lower and
potentially ineffective level of drug.
Ex: pt has constipation-slow/toxic-pt will have higher level of drug in the body
What foods could potential inhibit drug absorption? - Correct answer dairy
products.
Dairy products bind to tetracycline (do not allow drug to have the proper effect)
tetracycline - Correct answer antibiotic used to treat some acne and skin
infections
inhaled drug administration - Correct answer drug enters into bloodstream or
lungs and does NOT pass through the liver.
what variables can effect oral absorption of a drug? - Correct answer composition
of the drug
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, gut pH and motility
simultaneous use of other drugs
timing of the dose with respect to meals
advantages of oral drugs - Correct answer convenient
economical
best for self admin
Disadvantages for oral drugs - Correct answer self admin requires compliance
unsuitable for poorly absorbed drugs
unsuitable for infants or pt unable to swallow
disadvantages of IV admin - Correct answer adverse effects appear rapidly
effects may be of short duration
insoluble substances cannot be given
risk of infection, pain, vasculitis, extravasation
not suitable for self injection
advantages of IV admin - Correct answer emergency use
useful for large volumes of drug
what are some characteristics an oral drug must have in order to absorb - Correct
answer must be soluble in water
lipid soluble to an extent
must dissolve aqueous contents of digestive tract
What is drug distribution? - Correct answer movement of drug by blood to the
body
when a drug is distributed, local blood flow affects what? - Correct answer the
amount of blood reaching the organs
What are some special barriers that protect drugs from reaching the brain, fetus
etc? - Correct answer The blood brain barrier
placental barrier
what is the blood brain barrier (BBB) - Correct answer a semi permeable
membrane (network of blood vessels and tissues made of closely packed cells)
that keeps harmful substances from reach the brain.
Anesthetics usually cross this barrier (we want them to)
most antibiotics and other meds do not
what is the placental barrier - Correct answer similar to BBB
semipermeable membrane made of placental tissues.
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