Interview
Alberta Science 10 Notes
- Course
- Institution
FULL CLASS NOTES ON ALBERTA SCIENCE 10
[Show more]
Seller
Follow
justinng
Content preview
Science 10 NotesChemistry
Atom: All matter is made up of small particles called atoms
Proton: Positively charged atom that gives weight to the nucleus
Neutron: Neutrally charged atom that gives weight to nucleus
Electron: Negatively charged atom that does not give much weight and moves fast
Nucleus: Centre of an atom (Protons + Neutrons)
Mass Number: Number of Protons + Number of Neutrons (Weight)
Atomic Number: Number of protons in an atom
Atomic Mass: Average mass of more than one type of atoms of the same element
Compound: 2 or more elements together
Development of the Atomic Theory
Aristotle (300BC) Believed matter was composed of different proportions
of four basic elements: Fire, Earth, Water, Air
Democritus (400BC) Theorised how many times matter could be broken down
until it reached its smallest component. He reasoned that
the smallest particle possible should be called atoms,
which is Greek for “indivisible”.
, John Dalton 1808 Presence of difference types of atoms.
Fundamentals of elements and compounds:
1. All matter is made up of atoms
2. Atoms cannot be created or destroyed or divided
into smaller parts
3. All atoms of the same element are identical in
mass and size
4. Compounds are formed when atoms of different
elements combine in fixed proportions
J.J. Thompson 1897 Discovery of charged particles (protons and electrons)
- Atoms were no longer the smallest things
- Electrons scattered through a cloud of positive
charges
Ernest Rutherford (1908) Presence of nucleus. Electrons around nucleus.
i. Atoms have small dense positively charged core
that reflects protons; while the rest must be empty
space for electrons to float around
Niels Bohr (1913) Electron shell exists. Electrons move around the nucleus.
Heisenburg Uncertainty Principle (No idea where the electron is)
Modern Atomic Theory
i. All matter is made up of tiny particles called atoms
ii. An atom is the smallest piece of an element that still retains the same properties of
that element
iii. Atoms are electrically neutral, they do not have a charge
iv. Atoms are composed of 3 subatomic particles: protons, neutrons, and electrons
Particle Location Charge Relative Mass
(amu)
Protons Nucleus + 1
Neutrons Nucleus O 1
Electrons Electron Cloud - 0 (1/1840)
Isotopes
Elements that have the same number of protons and the same chemical reactivity but
have different masses
This is due to the different amounts of neutrons
Periodic Table
, Founder: Dmitri Mendeleev
Purpose: A way to organise known elements (Organised in increasing atomic mass)
Total known elements: 118 (94 Naturally occurring, 24 synthetic -> produced in laboratories
but not found in nature)
Mendeleev noticed that as mass increased, certain chemical and physical properties started
to repeat. These were put in the same group
Period: Horizontal Row
Group: Vertical Column
Alkali Metals (Group 1)
i. Soft, shiny, malleable, ductile metals, easily cut with a knife
ii. Low density
iii. Highly reactive
iv. All react with water and create alkaline solutions
Alkali Earth Metals (Group 2)
i. Somewhat reactive
ii. Reacts with water but less than group 1
iii. Reacts with hydrochloric acid to form hydrogen gas
iv. Denser than group 1
v. Gain 2 electrons to become stable
Transition Metals (Group 3 – 12)
• Higher density than group 1 and 2 + hardness
• Conductors of electricity and heat
• High melting points
• Malleable and ductile
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller justinng. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $9.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
79223 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now