WGU D027 Objective Assessment Review (Latest 2023/ 2024 Update) Advanced Pathopharmacological Foundations | Questions and Verified Answers | 100% Correct| Grade A Q: What is the proportion of the population affected by a disease at the specific point in time? Answer: Prevalence rate - Incidence rate refers to how many new cases there are of a disease within a period of time divided by the number of the population's individuals. The prevalence rate is affected by the incidence rate and how long the affected patients survive. Risk factor is anything that could lead to disease. Relative risk is the measure of a risk factor effect. Q: Which of the following should be completed when a disease is multifactorial but has a larger genetic component? Answer: Get a thorough family history - Environment and lifestyle choices may influence a disease, but diseases such as breast cancer are hereditary, so the family history should be reviewed. Q: Which action is the purpose of the inflammatory process? Answer: To destroy foreign, invasive microorganisms - The general purpose of inflammation is to initiate the destruction of foreign or invasive organisms. As a secondary effect, it increases the healing and immune response processes of the body. Q: What causes edema that occurs during the inflammatory process? Answer: Increased vascular permeability - Increased pressure in the vasculature secondary to the vasodilatory effects of inflammation will result in the leakage of fluid into third spaces (i.e., edema). Previousquestion Q: In what structure do B lymphocytes mature and become B cells? Answer: Bone marrow - The bone marrow is where immature immune cells, such as B and T lymphocytes, reside to mature into B cells. After this maturation process, these cells migrate to other organ sites such as the thyroid, spleen, and thymus to enter their final stages of diffe rentiation and development. Q: Which type of immunity occurs when antibodies are transferred from donor to recipient? Answer: Passive acquired immunity - Active immune processes are the self -originating processes of the immune system that occur from (acquired) or without (innate) prior exogenous simulation or exposure to foreign antigens. Passive immunity is stabilized. Existing immune responses that are pr esent with or without simulation can arise or be created from oneself (innate) or acquired from an outside source (e.g. donor antibodies). Q: What does T -cell activity cause in older adults? Answer: Increased susceptibility for infection - As the human body ages, the immune system's effectiveness to coordinate responses to pathogens and other foreign antigens wanes and the risk for disease increases. Q: What is a dermatitis caused by prolonged exposure to chemicals such as acids or soaps also known as? Answer: Irritant contact dermatitis - Prolonged, superficial skin exposure to foreign irritants (e.g., acids or soaps) is a manifestation of an innate, local inflammatory response. The conditions of allergic, stasis, and atopic dermatitis involve more systemic processes of the immune system an d vasculature. Q: Which of the following is a self -limiting disease associated with Herpes type viruses and a herald patch? Answer: Pityriasis rosea - Lichen planus, acne vulgaris, and erythema multiforme are conditions generally associated with or caused by autoimmune dysregulation, bacteria, and varieties of foreign antigen (medications, virus, etc.). Pityriasis rosea in particular is associated with a nd triggered by Herpes viruses, manifesting itself as a herald patch. Q: What is a furuncle? Answer: An infection of the hair follicle that extends to the surrounding tissue - Abscess, dermis, and fungal infections are generally more widespread or larger processes that require broad or systemic treatment. A furuncle, though uncomfortable to painful, is a generally localized infection that is self -resolving or that requires local , minor treatment. Q: What type of lesion may be malignant in the form of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)? Answer: Actinic keratosis - Actinic keratosis, which is caused by exposure to UV radiation, is a precursor lesion of SCC Q: What type of abnormal cell growth does carcinoma refer to? Answer: Epithelial cells - Carcinoma refers to dysplastic epithelial cells that have penetrated the entire thickness of the epithelium into the basement membrane. Q: What is a characteristic of a malignant tumor? Answer: Absence of normal tissue organization - Healthy tissue is made up of non -cancerous cells that are well -differentiated, connected via a well-organized stroma and that stay put. Malignant tumors lack those characteristics as well as normal tissue organization. Q: Which lifestyle factor has not been linked to the development of cancer? Answer: Extreme exercise - Tobacco use, obesity, and alcohol consumption are causal for numerous cancers, which can be prevented. Exercise helps prevent colon cancer and likely helps prevent endometrial, breast, and other cancers as well. Q: Which pediatric malignancy is linked to the family of origin? Answer: Wilms tumor - Wilms tumor is kidney cancer in childhood caused by inherited genes. The main causes of liver cancer are hepatitis, fatty liver disease, and alcohol use. The main cause of cervical cancer is HPV infection. Leukemia is caused by mutations to hematopoietic s tem cells. Q: Which of the following drugs is classified as hormonal treatment for breast cancer?
