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IMPORTANT QUESTION /ANSWER OF THERMAL PROPERTIES OF MATTER
Q1 What is temperature, and how is it measured?
ANS: Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of particles in a
substance. It is measured in degrees Celsius (°C) or Kelvin (K). The Kelvin scale is
often preferred in scientific contexts because it starts from absolute zero, where
particles have minimal motion.
Q2 Define heat and its units.
ANS: Heat is the transfer of thermal energy between two bodies at different
temperatures. The SI unit of heat is the joule (J).
Q3 Explain specific heat capacity.
ANS: Specific heat capacity is the amount of heat required to raise the
temperature of a unit mass of a substance by one degree Celsius (or one Kelvin).
It is expressed in J/(kg·°C) or J/(kg·K).
Q4 What is latent heat, and how does it differ from specific heat?
ANS: Latent heat is the heat absorbed or released during a phase change (e.g.,
melting, freezing, vaporization, condensation). Specific heat is concerned with
temperature changes, while latent heat deals with phase transitions.
Q5 How does conduction differ from convection in heat transfer?
ANS: Conduction is the transfer of heat through a material by the collision of
particles, while convection involves the movement of fluids (liquids or gases)
carrying heat. Conduction occurs in solids, while convection occurs in fluids.
Q6 Explain thermal expansion and give an example.
ANS: Thermal expansion is the increase in size (length, area, or volume) of a
substance in response to an increase in temperature. An example is the expansion
of metal rails in railway tracks during hot weather.
, Q7 What is thermal radiation, and how does it differ from conduction and
convection?
ANS: Thermal radiation is the transfer of heat in the form of electromagnetic
waves. Unlike conduction and convection, it does not require a material medium
for transfer and can occur in a vacuum.
Q8 Define the first and second laws of thermodynamics.
ANS: The first law states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only
transferred or converted. The second law states that in any energy transfer or
transformation, the total entropy of a closed system will always increase over
time.
Q9 How do materials with different specific heat capacities respond to changes in
temperature?
ANS : Materials with lower specific heat capacities heat up and cool down more
quickly than those with higher specific heat capacities. Water, with a relatively
high specific heat, has a stabilizing effect on temperature.
Q10 Explain the concept of thermal equilibrium.
ANS : Thermal equilibrium is a state in which two objects or systems are at the
same temperature, and there is no net flow of heat between them. This implies
that they have reached a balanced thermal state.
These questions cover fundamental concepts in the thermal properties of matter
and are commonly encountered in physics and engineering studies.
FOR JEE ASPIRANT MCQ
Q1 What is the SI unit of temperature?
a. Joule (J) b. Kelvin (K) c. Celsius (°C) d. Newton (N)
Answer: b. Kelvin (K)
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