Summary Edexcel notes on globalisation for the new A/AS level human geography
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Course
Unit 2 - Dynamic Places
Institution
PEARSON (PEARSON)
These exam notes contain every bit of information you need to know about globalisation. They have all the detail you need but are condensed so they are easier to learn in simpler terms to help with the exam revision. they will be useful no matter what exam board you are on. They contain case studie...
How have developments in transport
What is globalisation? and trade accelerated globalisation
How do these factors connect people a
• Describe ways in which people and places are now more since 20th century?
• Money – range of businesses buy + sel
connected than they used to be • Allowed TNCs to establish ‘a spatial
currencies to make money
• ‘sitting in your living room in Estonia while division of labour’ i.e. locate in areas
communicating with a friend in Zimbabwe. Or it might be offering cheap sites of production
• Communities – raw materials = fossil f
symbolised by eating an Ecuadorian banana in the EU’ – where wages were lower + transport flows of goods multiplied in recent year
World Bank cost reduced cost china + low waged economies i.e. B
Why did it happen? • Information – internet = communicati
• Internationalism – international trade tripled 1870 -1913 bought – social network – information s
dominated by: Britain, France, Germany and USA farms’ i.e. Microsof
• Global connection through: Trade: 1492 Columbus • Tourists – air passengers = holiday mak
have cheaper holidays to farer places– c
reached America – Colonialism : GB controlled ¼ of
spender on international travel
world by end of 19th C – Co-operation: since WW1
• Migrants – border controls + immigrati
when EU + other international organisations were set up
EQ1: What are the causes – gov all for trade but resist global flow
of globalisation and why
Interrelationship between transport and trade
has it accelerated in Important transport Innovations
Transport
• Communication + transport tech = improving for years
recent years? • Steam Power – makes trains + boats g
1800s for faster movement of goods
each new break through helps trade grow • Railways – global expansion 1800s = Tr
• Technological process brings unexpected changes to ways 9,000km
companies operate • Jet travel – 1960s Boeing 747 aircraf –
Trade further distances – international travel +
• Capitalist economies seeking to increase profits – one + low cost
way involves research into transport tech to help build Improvements in transport by globalisation: EasyJet • Container ships – efficient transportin
new global markets • Most Europe’s major cities connected via EasyJet’s cheap flights
1950s – easy and quick
• Economic needs drive some technological changes when • Inaugural flights from London + Luton to Edinburgh + Glasgow
• Time – space compression – low travel
companies foster innovation supported by slogan ‘making flying as affordable as a pair of
transported goods big – everything getti
jeans - £29 one way’
• 1995 only 30,000 passengers 2014 increased to 65,000,000
• At the start only had 2 aircrafs 2014 it owned 200
• Increased globalisation as people could fly for cheap prices
spreading music, food + culture – companies increased profits
becoming well-known + popular
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