Unit 1F - In search of the American Dream: the USA, c1917-96 (PH10)
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How Far do you agree that there was a considerable similarity between the campaign for black civil rights and minority civil rights?
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Unit 1F - In search of the American Dream: the USA, c1917-96 (PH10)
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How Far do you agree that there was a considerable similarity between the campaign for black civil rights and minority civil rights?
Unit 1F - In search of the American Dream: the USA, c1917-96?
Pearson edexcel history
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Unit 1F - In search of the American Dream: the USA, c1917-96 (PH10)
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How Far do you agree that there was a considerable similarity between the campaign for black civil rights and minority
civil rights?
Intro:
3 main minority groups: Native Americans, Hispanic Americans and Homosexuals
Hispanic Americans seen as most similar (arguably as they were seeking the most similar changes from
government legislation)
Campaigns had various purposes - not always on grounds of race - despite similarities, minority campaigns not
‘considerably similar’ to campaign for black civil rights
Hispanic Americans:
Similarities:
Both dominated by pressure groups advocating for change (NAACP for black, LULAC for Hispanic)
o Both initially tried to combat discrimination through judicial system
Brown v Board - impacts also extended to Hispanic Americans
However, LULAC primarily litigated workplace discrimination
Both used boycotts
o Grape boycott (AWOC & NFWA, Cesar Chaves) mirrored boycotts of black civil rights (e.g. 1955
Montgomery Bus Boycott)
o However, nature of boycott was very different
Lasted much longer (5 years vs. 380 days)
Grape strike conducted by NFWA & AWOC whereas Montgomery was conducted by black
bus-users in general
Militancy
o Brown Berets set up 1967 in East LA – similar to Black Panthers (wore uniform, campaigned against
police brutality, led school walk-outs)
o Both campaigned against police brutality (Ten-Point Program called for an immediate end to police
brutality)
Voter registration
o Hispanic: Jose Angel Gutierrez led 'La Raza Unida' party - encouraged Hispanic people to vote, provided
them with party candidates
o Black: 1964 Freedom Summer, SNCC pushed for voter registration - 17,000 black people registered to
vote
Direct relation to black civil rights movt.
Reies Lopez Tijerina signed agreement with Black Power leaders to work together
o Although it can be argued this agreement is not evidence of similarity, it is more convincing to say that
working together indicated some level of similarity between the two campaigns
Rodolfo Gonzales’ Crusade for Justice = version of Black Pride
Different Tactics:
Although MLK used media, Hispanic Americans used entertainment on much larger scale to spread their message
(e.g. set up a theatre group to educate people about their rights and campaign)
Native Americans:
Similarities:
American Indian Movement (AIM) slogan 'Red Power' - consciously adopting the direct action techniques of
'Black Power' (sit-ins, demonstrations, occupations, ‘Red Power’)
Groups worked within the system: NCAI for Native Americans & NAACP for black americans
Differences:
- Large focus on land (not aim of AA movt.) due to forced relocation from Indian Removal Act of 1830
Gay Americans:
Invisibility of homosexuals made their campaign very different
Both felt most opposition from ‘Bible Belt’ where religious fundamentalism fueled hostility, therefore aspects of
protest were targeted to the South
Both used marches
Gay Pride marches, 28th August 1970 - New York had about 10,000 marchers
Gay Liberation Front - large peaceful protests
o However, marches used by majority of protest movements, therefore not strong enough link to provide
evidence of similarity
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