Maryville Nurse 660 Exam 4 Questions with Verified Answers 2023/2024
The core symptoms of ADHD are linked to what area of the brain? Correct Answer: prefrontal cortex
Selective attention is due to what area of the PFC malfunctioning? Correct Answer: dorsal ACC (anterior cingulate cortex)
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Maryville Nurse 660 Exam 4 Questions with Verified Answers 2023/2024
The core symptoms of ADHD are linked to what area of the brain? Correct Answer: prefrontal cortex
Selective attention is due to what area of the PFC malfunctioning? Correct Answer: dorsal ACC (anterior cingulate cortex)
sustained attention and problem solving linked to what area of the brain? Correct Answer: DLPFC
hyperactivity is linked to what area of the brain? Correct Answer: prefrontal motor cortex
what test assessing sustained attention? Correct Answer: N-back test
where is sustained attention modulated in brain? Correct Answer: CSTC loop in the DLPFC insufficient activation in the DLPFC can cause inattention "sustaiNed attention- N back"
what test assesses selective attention? Correct Answer: Stroop test
"Selective, Stroop, Cingulate"
where in the brain is selective attention modulated? Correct Answer: the CSTC loop,
Dorsal anterior cingulate cortex issues with sustained attention are: Correct Answer: difficulty completing tasks
disorganization
trouble sustaining mental effort
issues with selective attention are: Correct Answer: difficulty with detail
carless mistakes
not listening
losing things
being distracted
forgetting things
what part of the brain modulates impulsitivity? Correct Answer: orbitofrontal cortex
what symptoms of impulsitivity are observed? Correct Answer: talking excessively
blurting things out
not waiting ones turn
interrupting
what part of the brain modulates hyperactivity? Correct Answer: prefrontal cortex
what are some key observations in the prefrontal cortex as it relates to ADHD? Correct Answer: orbitofrontal cortex (OFC)-- impulsivity and hyperactivity
DLPFC/DaCC-- sustained/selective attention issues
how do NE and DA amounts manifest in relation to fatigue/anxiety? Correct Answer: too little NE and DA = fatigue
too much = anxiety what two receptors in the PRC are thought to be involved with ADHD treatment? Correct Answer: alpha 2 a
D1
how does ADHD affect NE and DA levels? Correct Answer: NE levels low, signal reduced
DA levels low, noise increased
results in: fidget and inattention
how should you treat NE and DA in adhd? Correct Answer: increase NE
Increase DA
what receptors does NE stimulate in the postsynapse? Correct Answer: alpha 2 a; even better effect when beta1 receptors also stimulated
what effect does DA have on receptors and what does this cause? Correct Answer: decreases the noise and prevents inappropriate connections from taking place through stimulating D1 receptors
what effect does NE have on receptors and what does this cause? Correct Answer: increases the incoming signal and allows for increase connections between prefrontal networks through stimulation of alpha 2A receptors
what effect do slow dose stimulants have? Correct Answer: amplify tonic NE and DA
signals
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