Morrison-Valfre: Foundations of Mental Health Care, 6th Edition
Contents
Chapter 01: The History of Mental Health Care ......................................................................................................................................... 2
Chapter 02: Current Mental Health Care Systems ...................................................................................................................................... 9
Chapter 03: Ethical and Legal Issues........................................................................................................................................................... 17
Chapter 04: Sociocultural Issues .................................................................................................................................................................. 25
Chapter 05: Theories and Therapies............................................................................................................................................................ 32
Chapter 06: Complementary and Alternative Therapies .......................................................................................................................... 40
Chapter 07: Psychotherapeutic Drug Therapy .......................................................................................................................................... 48
Chapter 8: Skills and Principles of Mental Health Care ........................................................................................................................... 55
Chapter 10: Therapeutic Communication .................................................................................................................................................. 64
Chapter 9: Mental Health Assessment Skills .............................................................................................................................................. 72
Chapter 11: The Therapeutic Relationship................................................................................................................................................. 80
Chapter 12: The Therapeutic Environment ............................................................................................................................................... 90
Chapter 13: Problems of Childhood ........................................................................................................................................................... 98
Chapter 14: Problems of Adolescence ...................................................................................................................................................... 106
Chapter 15: Problems of Adulthood ......................................................................................................................................................... 115
Chapter 16: Problems of Late Adulthood ................................................................................................................................................ 123
Chapter 17: Cognitive Impairment, Alzheimer's Disease, and Dementia ........................................................................................... 131
Chapter 18: Managing Anxiety ................................................................................................................................................................... 139
Chapter 19: Illness and Hospitalization .................................................................................................................................................... 147
Chapter 20: Loss and Grief ......................................................................................................................................................................... 156
Chapter 21: Depression and Other Mood Disorders ............................................................................................................................. 164
Chapter 22: Physical Problems, Psychological Sources .......................................................................................................................... 172
Chapter 23: Eating and Sleeping Disorders ............................................................................................................................................. 179
Chapter 24: Dissociative Disorders ........................................................................................................................................................... 186
Chapter 25: Anger and Aggression ............................................................................................................................................................ 195
Chapter 26: Outward-Focused Emotions: Violence............................................................................................................................... 203
Chapter 27: Inward-Focused Emotions: Suicide ..................................................................................................................................... 211
Chapter 28: Substance-Related Disorders ................................................................................................................................................ 218
Chapter 29: Sexual Disorders ..................................................................................................................................................................... 225
Chapter 30: Personality Disorders ............................................................................................................................................................. 234
Chapter 31: Schizophrenia and Other Psychoses.................................................................................................................................... 242
Chapter 32: Chronic Mental Health Disorders ........................................................................................................................................ 249
Chapter 33: Challenges for the Future ...................................................................................................................................................... 256
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, Chapter 01: The History of Mental Health Care
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. The belief of the ancient Greek philosopher Plato that the rational soul controlled the irrational soul
could be compared with the belief of the more recent psychological theorist:
a. Freud
b. Pinel
c. Fisher
d. Rush
ANS: A
Sigmund Freud believed that mental illness was, in part, caused by forces both within and outside the
personality. Philippe Pinel advocated acceptance of mentally ill individuals as human beings in need of
medical assistance. Alice Fisher was a Florence Nightingale nurse who cared for the mentally ill, and Dr.
Benjamin Rush was the author of the book Diseases of the Mind.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: p. 4
OBJ: 2 TOP: Early Years of Mental Health
KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
2. During the mid-1500s, behaviors associated with mental illness were more accurately recorded by
professionals. This practice led to for different abnormal behaviors.
a. Classifications
b. Diagnosing
c. Treatment
d. Education
ANS: A
Classification of abnormal behaviors did not begin until this time, after the practice of more accurate
recording of behaviors was begun. Diagnoses, treatment guidelines, and any education regarding mental
health disorders were not available during this period.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: p. 5
OBJ: 3 TOP: Mental Illness During the Renaissance
KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
3. During the latter part of the eighteenth century, psychiatry became a separate branch of medicine, and
inhumane treatment was greatly diminished by the French hospital director: a. Dix
b. Beers
c. Pinel
d. Carter
ANS: C
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, Philippe Pinel advocated acceptance of the mentally ill, as well as proper treatment. Dorothea Dix
crusaded for construction of mental health hospitals. Clifford Beers wrote the book A Mind That Found
Itself. President Jimmy Carter established the President’s Commission on Mental Health in 1978.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: p. 5
OBJ: 4 TOP: Mental Illness in the Eighteenth Century
KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
4. In 1841, surveyed asylums, jails, and almshouses throughout the United
States, Canada, and Scotland and is credited with bringing about public awareness and reform for the care
of the mentally ill. a. Sigmund Freud
b. John Cade
c. Florence Nightingale
d. Dorothea Dix
ANS: D
Dorothea Dix spent 20 years surveying facilities that housed mentally ill individuals and is credited with
major changes in the care of the mentally ill. Sigmund Freud introduced the concept of psychoanalysis,
John Cade discovered lithium carbonate for the treatment of bipolar disorder, and Florence Nightingale
trained nurses in England in the 1800s.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: p. 6
OBJ: 4 TOP: Mental Illness in the Nineteenth Century
KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
5. Afors aMental direct Hygieneresult of Clif wasf oformed inrd Beers’ 1w909ork withand bao focus
onok , A Mind prevention ofThat Found mental illness Itself, the Commit and: tee
a. Early detection of symptoms of mental illness
b. Education of caregivers
c. Current treatment options
d. Removing the stigma attached to mental illness
ANS: D
Clifford Beers’ book reflected on his attempt at suicide followed by the deplorable care he received for the
next 3 years in mental hospitals. Beers’ work and book raised the consciousness of people throughout the
country regarding prevention and removal of the stigma of having a mental illness. Early detection of
symptoms, education of caregivers, and current treatment options regarding mental illness were not the
focus of his book, nor were they a priority for the Committee for Mental Hygiene.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: p. 6
OBJ: 4 TOP: Mental Illness in the Twentieth Century
KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
6. During the 1930s, what common treatment for schizophrenia caused clients to fall into a coma that could
last as long as 50 hours? a. Electroconvulsive therapy
b. Insulin therapy
c. Humoral therapy
d. Amphetamine therapy
ANS: B
Insulin therapy was believed to successfully treat schizophrenia in the early 1900s. Amphetamines were
used to treat depression, and electroconvulsive therapy was used for severe depression. Humoral therapy,
which originated in ancient Greece and Rome, was a belief that mental illness resulted from an imbalance
of the humors of air, fire, water, and earth.
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, PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: p. 8
OBJ: 5 TOP: Influences of War on Mental Health Therapies
KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
7. In the 1930s, what mental health disorder was electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) most often used to treat?
a. Schizophrenia
b. Bipolar disorder
c. Severe depression
d. Violent behavior
ANS: C
ECT was found to be an effective treatment for severe depression in the 1930s. During this period,
schizophrenia was treated with insulin therapy, and violent behavior was treated with a lobotomy. In 1949,
lithium carbonate was discovered as a treatment for bipolar disorder.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: p. 6
OBJ: 5 TOP: Influences of War on Mental Health Therapies
KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC:Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
8. In the early twentieth century, a frontal lobotomy was a common treatment for violent behaviors. Which
description of this procedure is accurate?
a. A procedure that delivers an electrical stimulus to the frontal lobes of the brain
b. A surgical procedure that drills holes in the front of the skull to drain fluid
c. A surgical procedure that severs the frontal lobes of the brain from the thalamus
d. A surgical procedure that inserts implants into the frontal lobes of the brain
ANS: C
A frontal lobotomy is a surgical procedure in which the frontal lobes of the brain are severed from the
thalamus.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: p. 6
OBJ: 5 TOP: Influences of War on Mental Health Therapies
KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
9. Which class of drugs was introduced in the 1930s for the treatment of depression? a. SSRIs
b. Tricyclic antidepressants
c. MAOIs
d. Amphetamines
ANS: D
In the 1930s, amphetamines were found to boost the spirits of depressed people. SSRIs, tricyclic
antidepressants, and MAOIs are antidepressant agents, but they were not discovered until much later.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: p. 6
OBJ: 5 TOP: Influences of War on Mental Health Therapies
KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
10. In 1937, Congress passed the Hill-Burton Act, which was significant for the treatment of mental health
because it funded:
a. Research on drugs for the treatment of mental health disorders
b. Training of mental health professionals
c. Construction of psychiatric units in facilities throughout North America
d. Development of community mental health clinics
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