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Exam (elaborations)

BIOS 252 Final Exam Review 20213/2024 already graded A+

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BIOS 252 Final Exam Review 20213/2024 already graded A+

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  • December 14, 2023
  • 8
  • 2023/2024
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers
  • bios 252bios 252
  • BIOS 252/BIOS 252
  • BIOS 252/BIOS 252
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BIOS 252 Final Exam Review

What are the three types of muscle tissue? - ANSSkeletal, Cardiac, and Smooth

What are characteristics of skeletal muscle? - ANSStriated, voluntary, multinucleated, somatic
nervous system control

What are characteristics of smooth muscle? - ANSNon-striated, involuntary, uninucleated,
autonomic nervous control

What are characteristics of cardiac muscle? - ANSStriated, branching, uninucleated, involuntary,
autonomic nervous control, intercalated discs (gap junctions)

What is the thick filament? - ANSMyosin

What is the thin filament? - ANSActin

What are mediating proteins of muscle tissue? - ANSTroponin and Tropomyosin

What does Calcium bind to? - ANSTroponin

Where does Calcium come from? - ANSSarcoplasmic Reticulum

When Calcium binds to Troponin, what happens? - ANSThere is a confirmational change
wherein Troponin moves Tropomyosin away so that Myosin can bind to Actin

What are characteristics of all muscles? - ANSElectrical excitability, extensibility, elasticity,
contractility

What are the three meninges from outer to inner, including spaces? - ANSDura Mater,
Arachnoid Mater, Subarachnoid Space (where CSF is found), Pia Mater (directly attached to
spinal cord and brain)

What is the filum terminale? - ANSAn extension of the Pia Mater which attaches the spinal cord
to coccygeal segment

What is an isometric contraction? - ANSLength of muscle does not change, but tension does

What is an isotonic contraction? - ANSLength of muscle changes, but tension does not

What is a concentric isotonic contraction? - ANSMuscle shortens

, What is an eccentric isotonic contraction? - ANSMuscle lengthens

What is an agonist? - ANSPrime mover

What is an antagonist? - ANSOpposes action of the prime mover

What is a synergist? - ANSAn "assistant" or "helper" muscle to the agonist

What is a fixator? - ANSStabilizes muscles

What is the origin? - ANSPoint of origin for a muscle with NO movement

What is the insertion - ANSWhere the muscle inserts, non-stable end where most of the
movement associated with the muscle is performed

In a first class lever system, what is in the middle? - ANSFulcrum

In a second class lever system, what is in the middle? - ANSLoad

In a third class lever system, what is in the middle? - ANSEffort

What are the neuroglial cells of the CNS and their functions? - ANSAstrocytes (blood brain
barrier), Oligodendrocytes (myelinator--can myelinate MULTIPLE CNS neuron axons), Microglial
(phagocyte/clean-up cells), Ependymal Cell (CSF production)

What are the neuroglial cells of the PNS and their functions? - ANSSatellite cells (cover the
surface of nerve cell bodies in sensory, sympathetic, and parasympathetic ganglia), Schwann
cells (myelinator--only myelinates ONE PNS cell)

Saltatory conduction happens in which type of neuron? Is this fast or slow conudction? -
ANSMyelinated neurons, fast

Continuous conduction happens in which type of neuron? Is this fast or slow conduction? -
ANSUnmyelinated neurons, slow

What are the special senses? - ANSSight, hearing, taste, balance, smell

What are the three divisions of the ear? - ANSExternal ear (auricle, external auditory meatus,
tympanic membrane), Middle ear (incus, malleus, stapes, eustachian tube), Inner ear (cochlea,
vestibule, semicircular canals)

What is the flow of information in hearing? - ANSExternal ear to middle ear to inner ear,
transcribed into electrical impulse by cochlea which contains hearing receptors in the organ of
Corti in the scala media, carried by cranial nerve VIII to temporal lobe for interpretation

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