BIOS 242 Exam 2 Complete Questions And Answers 2023/2024 Tests Organic Nutrient ✅An organism that contains carbon and hydrogen Inorganic Nutrient ✅An organism that does not contan carbon and hydrogen Phototroph ✅An organism that gains energy from light through photosynthesis Heterotroph ✅An organism that must obtain carbon in an organic form - they are dependent on other life forms Chemotroph ✅An organism that gains energy from chemical compounds - this means they eat things. Harvesting energy from the things they eat. Autotroph ✅An organism that gets its source of carbon from carbon dioxide an iorganic carbon source - referred to as the "self feeder"; They are NOT nutritionally dependent on other living things Photoautotroph ✅An organism that gains its energy from light rays and its carbon source from CO2 in the air Examples of a photoautotroph? ✅Photosynthetic organisms - algae, plants, Cyanobacteria What kind of organism is the basis of most food webs? ✅Photoautotrophs Chemoautotroph ✅An organism that gets its energy from eating things and gets its carbon source from inorganic compounds Examples of a Chemoautotroph ✅Only certain bacteria/archaea - methanogens, deep -
sea vent bacteria Lithoautotroph ✅gets energy from inorganic materials - can actually digest rocks Chemoheterotrophs ✅derive energy from chemical energy in the food consumed; carbon source also comes from the food consumed What are humans classified as? ✅Chemoheterotrophs Aerobic Respiration ✅the principal energy -yielding pathway in where the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain is oxygen (O2) Osmosis ✅movement of water across a permeable membrane Simple Diffusion ✅The movement of molecules from a higher concontration to a lower concentration Facilitated Diffusion ✅a molecule binds to a specific carrier protein that changes the shape of the cell and carries the molecule across the membrane Active Transport ✅uses ATP to transport things into the cell against the concentration gradient Group Translocation ✅form of active transport that couples a transport of a nutrient with its conversion to another form Permeases Pumps: ✅these structures pump things in and out of the cell - most of the time its waste going out of the cell Endocytosis ✅The transport of large molecules cell via the vacuoles enveloping or swallowing the molecules into the cell for further digestion Exocytosis ✅The opposite of endocytosis - releasing whatever is in the vacuole out of the cell Phagocytosis ✅the ingestion of solid matter into the cell like bacteria or another cell Pinocytosis ✅the ingestion of liquid matter into the cell Cardinal Temperatures ✅the range of temperatures for the growth of a given microbial species Psychrophile ✅a microbe that can grow and reproduce in low/cold temperatures - optimal temp is 15 degrees celsius Mesophile ✅a microbe that best at moderate temperatures - optimal temp is 20 -40 degrees celsius Examples of Mesophiles ✅Humans and pathogens Thermophile ✅A microbe that thrives at relatively high temperatures - optimal temp above 45 degrees celsius Halophile ✅the salt loving microbe - thrives in environments with high salt concentrations
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