HESI Pharmacology Exam Practice QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS GRADED A LATEST VERSION
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HESI Pharmacology
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HESI Pharmacology
HESI Pharmacology Exam Practice
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS GRADED A
LATEST VERSION
A healthcare provider prescribes cephalexin monohydrate
(Keflex) for a client with a postoperative infection. It is most
important for the nurse to assess for what additional drug allergy
before administering t...
hesi pharmacology exam practice questions and answ
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HESI Pharmacology Exam Practice
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS GRADED A
LATEST VERSION
A healthcare provider prescribes cephalexin monohydrate
(Keflex) for a client with a postoperative infection. It is most
important for the nurse to assess for what additional drug allergy
before administering this prescription?
A) Penicillins.
B) Aminoglycosides.
C) Erythromycins.
D) Sulfonamides. - CORRECT ANSWERS A) Penicillins.
Cross-allergies exist between penicillins (A) and cephalosporins,
such as cephalexin monohydrate (Keflex), so checking for
penicillin allergy is a wise precaution before administering this
drug.
Which nursing intervention is most important when caring for a
client receiving the antimetabolite cytosine arabinoside (Arc-C) for
chemotherapy?
A) Hydrate the client with IV fluids before and after infusion.
B) Assess the client for numbness and tingling of extremities.
C) Inspect the client's oral mucosa for ulcerations.
D) Monitor the client's urine pH for increased acidity. - CORRECT
ANSWERS C) Inspect the client's oral mucosa for ulcerations.
Cytosine arabinoside (Arc-C) affects the rapidly growing cells of
the body, therefore stomatitis and mucosal ulcerations are key
signs of antimetabolite toxicity (C). (A, B, and D) are not typical
interventions associated with the administration of
antimetabolites.
,When assessing an adolescent who recently overdosed on
acetaminophen (Tylenol), it is most important for the nurse to
assess for pain in which area of the body?
A) Flank.
B) Abdomen.
C) Chest.
D) Head. - CORRECT ANSWERS B) Abdomen.
Acetaminophen toxicity can result in liver damage; therefore, it is
especially important for the nurse to assess for pain in the right
upper quadrant of the abdomen (B), which might indicate liver
damage. (A, C, and D) are not areas where pain would be
anticipated.
An adult client is given a prescription for a scopolamine patch
(Transderm Scop) to prevent motion sickness while on a cruise.
Which information should the nurse provide to the client?
A) Apply the patch at least 4 hours prior to departure.
B) Change the patch every other day while on the cruise.
C) Place the patch on a hairless area at the base of the skull.
D) Drink no more than 2 alcoholic drinks during the cruise. -
CORRECT ANSWERS A) Apply the patch at least 4 hours prior
to departure.
Scopolamine, an anticholinergic agent, is used to prevent motion
sickness and has a peak onset in 6 hours, so the client should be
instructed to apply the patch at least 4 hours before departure (A)
on the cruise ship. The duration of the transdermal patch is 72
hours, so (B) is not needed. Scolopamine blocks muscarinic
receptors in the inner ear and to the vomiting center, so the best
application site of the patch is behind the ear, not at the base of
the skull (C). Anticholinergic medications are CNS depressants,
so the client should be instructed to avoid alcohol (D) while using
the patch.
,The nurse is reviewing the use of the patient-controlled analgesia
(PCA) pump with a client in the immediate postoperative period.
The client will receive morphine 1 mg IV per hour basal rate with 1
mg IV every 15 minutes per PCA to total 5 mg IV maximally per
hour. What assessment has the highest priority before initiating
the PCA pump?
A) The expiration date on the morphine syringe in the pump.
B) The rate and depth of the client's respirations.
C) The type of anesthesia used during the surgical procedure.
D) The client's subjective and objective signs of pain. -
CORRECT ANSWERS B) The rate and depth of the client's
respirations.
A life-threatening side effect of intravenous administration of
morphine sulfate, an opiate narcotic, is respiratory depression (B).
The PCA pump should be stopped and the healthcare provider
notified if the client's respiratory rate falls below 12 breaths per
minute, and the nurse should anticipate adjustments in the client's
dosage before the PCA pump is restarted. (A, C, and D) provide
helpful information, but are not as high a priority as the
assessment described in (B).
A medication that is classified as a beta-1 agonist is most
commonly prescribed for a client with which condition?
A) Glaucoma.
B) Hypertension.
C) Heart failure.
D) Asthma. - CORRECT ANSWERS C) Heart failure.
Beta-1 agonists improve cardiac output by increasing the heart
rate and blood pressure and are indicated in heart failure (C),
shock, atrioventricular block dysrhythmias, and cardiac arrest.
Glaucoma (A) is managed using adrenergic agents and beta-
adrenergic blocking agents. Beta-1 blocking agents are used in
, the management of hypertension (B). Medications that stimulate
beta-2 receptors in the bronchi are effective for
bronchoconstriction in respiratory disorders, such as asthma (D).
A female client with rheumatoid arthritis take ibuprofen (Motrin)
600 mg PO 4 times a day. To prevent gastrointestinal bleeding,
misoprostol (Cytotec) 100 mcg PO is prescribed. Which
information is most important for the nurse to include in client
teaching?
A) Use contraception during intercourse.
B) Ensure the Cytotec is taken on an empty stomach.
C) Encourage oral fluid intake to prevent constipation.
D) Take Cytotec 30 minutes prior to Motrin. - CORRECT
ANSWERS A) Use contraception during intercourse.
Cytotec, a synthetic form of a prostaglandin, is classified as
pregnancy Category X and can act as an abortifacient, so the
client should be instructed to use contraception during intercourse
(A) to prevent loss of an early pregnancy. (B) is not necessary. A
common side effect of Cytotec is diarrhea, so constipation
prevention strategies are usually not needed (C). Cytotec and
Motrin should be taken together (D) to provide protective
properties against gastrointestinal bleeding.
A client with heart failure is prescribed spironolactone
(Aldactone). Which information is most important for the nurse to
provide to the client about diet modifications?
A) Do not add salt to foods during preparation.
B) Refrain for eating foods high in potassium.
C) Restrict fluid intake to 1000 ml per day.
D) Increase intake of milk and milk products. - CORRECT
ANSWERS B) Refrain for eating foods high in potassium.
Spironolactone (Aldactone), an aldosterone antagonist, is a
potassium-sparing diuretic, so a diet high in potassium should be
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