Cambridge International A Levels Chemistry AS (9701)
Class notes
CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL AS LEVEL CHEMISTRY (9701) ORGANIC CHEMISTRY NOTES
28 views 1 purchase
Course
Cambridge International A Levels Chemistry AS (9701)
Institution
Methodist College Kuala Lumpur
Navigate AS-level Organic Chemistry with confidence using our tailored and concise notes! Specifically crafted for AS-level students, these notes provide a comprehensive exploration of organic compounds, reactions, and mechanisms. Clear explanations and visual aids simplify intricate concepts, fost...
Cambridge International A Levels Chemistry AS (9701)
All documents for this subject (11)
Seller
Follow
tzeshuokoay
Content preview
CAMBRIDGE
INTERNATIONAL AS
LEVEL CHEMISTRY
(9701) ORGANIC
CHEMISTRY NOTES
, CHAPTER 14: INTRODUCTION TO HYDROCARBONS
Carbon chemistry:
- Organic chemistry: the study about the properties and chemical reaction of organic compounds
- Carbon has been the main component of all living and non-living things
- Why do so many organic compounds exist?
o Carbon can form strong bonds with other atoms
o Carbon has the ability to form maximum of four covalent bonds with other atoms or by
itself due to its electronic configuration (1s 2 2s2 2p2)
Recap: orbital hybridization
Bond types and angles:
- Due to hybridization, carbon can form single bond, double bond and triple bond:
o Single bond
Sigma bond formed when the atoms bind and share one electron to each other
o Double bond
Pi bond formed through sideways p orbital overlap
Sigma bond formed through direct overlap hybridized orbitals
Single bond
o Triple bond
Forms when the atoms bind and share three electrons to each other
Overlaps with other same set of orbital to form two sigma covalent bond and
the 2py and 2pz overlaps to form two pi covalent bond
The molecule form through this bonding was also known to be an unsaturated
compound
,Representing organic molecules:
- Empirical formula
- Molecular formula
- Structural formula
- Displayed formula
- Stereochemical formula
- Skeletal formula
Empirical & Molecular formula:
Structural & Displayed formula:
Stereochemical formula:
- Shows the orientation of the bonding in 3D
o Wedge bond: out of the plane of paper (pointing towards you)
o Dashed bond: into the plane of paper (pointing away from you)
- Used to represent optical isomers
, Skeletal formula:
- Simplified version of displayed formula
- Only shows the functional groups without showing the symbols of carbon and oxygen
- Linear molecules
- Cyclic molecules
- Aromatic molecules
o Aromatic molecules e.g. benzene have a delocalized electron system
Naming Organic Compounds:
-
- Stem: number of carbon atoms in the longest carbon chain
o Add ‘cyclo-‘ if the carbon atoms are joined in a ring
- Stem-suffix: indicates the type of carbon-carbon bonds present in the compound
o Ethane: CH3-CH3
o Propene: CH3-CH=CH2
o Buta-1,3-diene: CH2=CH-CH=CH2
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller tzeshuokoay. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $5.49. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
