Across the Lifespan
3rd Edition By Gloria Leifer; Eve Fleck
Chapters 1 - 16 Complete
,Table of Content
Chapter 1 Healthy People 2020
Chapter 2 Government Influences on Health Care
Chapter 3 Cultural Considerations in Health Care
Chapter 4 The Influence of Family on Developing a Lifestyle
Chapter 5 Theories of Development
Chapter 6 Prenatal Influences on Healthy Development
Chapter 7 The Infant
Chapter 8 Early Childhood
Chapter 9 Middle Childhood
Chapter 10 Adolescence
Chapter 11 Young Adulthood
Chapter 12 Middle Adulthood
Chapter 13 Late Adulthood
Chapter 14 Advanced Old-Age and Geriatrics
Chapter 15 Planning for the End of Life
Chapter 16 Loss, Grief, and Bereavement
,Chapter 1: Healthy People 2020
Test Bank
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. The purpose of Healthy People 2020 is to:
a. examine world health needs.
b. evaluate accomplishments for years 2010–2020.
c. focus primarily on infant health and mortality.
d. examine funding issues for health care.
ANSWER: B
Healthy People 2020 is an evidence-based 10-year report card describing health-care
accomplishments in the United States between the years of 2010 and 2020.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: p. 1 OBJ: 1
TOP: Healthy People 2020 KEY: Nursing Process Step: Intervention
MSC: NCLEX: Health Promotion and Maintenance: prevention and early detection of disease
2. A health-care worker planning a research project related to teenage pregnancy in his
community would include in the initial assessment the health status of the target population.
Health status could be best evaluated by the examination of the: a. birth rate, disease
morbidity, and life expectancy.
b. birth rate, access to health care, and death rate.
c. disease morbidity, life expectancy, and health insurance coverage.
d. health insurance coverage, death rate, and access to health care.
ANSWER: B
Birth rate statistics identify age of mother; death rates include infant mortality and age of
mother; access to health care may affect a teenager’s ability to obtain adequate prenatal
care.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: p. 6 OBJ: 3
TOP: Health status KEY: Nursing Process Step: Planning
MSC: NCLEX: Health Promotion and Maintenance: prevention and early detection of disease
3. The health-care worker teaches a group of new parents about the “back to sleep” program,
which is directed toward the reduction of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) by: a.
positioning the baby on a small flat pillow.
b. placing the baby on its back in the crib.
c. gently rocking the baby before returning it to bed.
d. tucking infant snuggly in the crib with a light blanket.
ANSWER: B
The back to sleep program helps reduce the incidence of SIDS by placing the infant on its
back rather than on its stomach.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: p. 8 OBJ: 5
, TOP: Back to sleep program KEY: Nursing Process Step: Intervention
MSC: NCLEX: Health Promotion and Maintenance: prevention and early detection of disease
4. Healthy People 2020 endorses the completion of a high school education primarily to enable
a person to:
a. secure a better job.
b. increase the quality of life.
c. make healthy lifestyle choices.
d. maintain the family unit.
ANSWER: C
One of the goals of Healthy People 2020 is to increase the number of persons graduating
from high school so that they have a better education basis on which to make healthy
lifestyle choices.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: p. 8 OBJ: 4
TOP: Health indicators KEY: Nursing Process Step: NA MSC: NCLEX: NA
5. Healthy People 2020 is published by the:
a. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
b. Department of the Interior.
c. World Health Organization.
d. Department of Health and Human Services.
ANSWER: D
Healthy People 2020 is published by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: p. 1 OBJ: 1
TOP: Healthy People 2020 KEY: Nursing Process Step: NA MSC: NCLEX: NA
6. Infant mortality rates are based on infant deaths that occur:
a. at birth, per 1000 deliveries.
b. before 1 year of age, per 1000 live births.
c. from infection and congenital disorders, per 1000 live births.
d. from unexplained causes, per 1000 live births.
ANSWER: B
Infant mortality is reported on deaths occurring before the age of 1 year per 1000 live
births.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: p. 6 OBJ: 4
TOP: Infant mortality KEY: Nursing Process Step: Planning
MSC: NCLEX: Health Promotion and Maintenance: growth and development
7. Although the life expectancy has increased, Healthy People 2020 will focus on the older
adult’s need for:
a. better pharmacy insurance coverage.
b. improved extended care facilities.
c. increased compliance to medical protocols.
d. maintenance of independent lifestyles.
ANSWER: D
, The maintenance of independent lifestyles is an ongoing problem for the older adult.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: p. 9 OBJ: 4
TOP: Older adults KEY: Nursing Process Step: Planning
MSC: NCLEX: Health Promotion and Maintenance: prevention and early detection of disease
8. Information about morbidity and mortality gives the health-care worker data to identify: a.
lifespan statistics.
b. high-risk age groups for certain diseases or hazards.
c. effectiveness of treatment.
d. cost-effective treatment for the general population.
ANSWER: B
Evaluating specific details of the determinants of health help health-care workers develop
an understanding of the health status of the population. Morbidity and mortality statistics
can identify risks for disease or health hazard by age group.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: p. 6 OBJ: 3
TOP: Morbidity KEY: Nursing Process Step: Planning
MSC: NCLEX: Health Promotion and Maintenance: prevention and early detection of disease
9. A major cause of death for children under the age of 1 year is:
a. congenital abnormalities.
b. infection.
c. cancer.
d. injuries.
ANSWER: A
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has identified congenital abnormalities as
a leading cause of death for children under the age of 1 year.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: p. 6, Box 1-1
OBJ: 1 TOP: Health status
KEY: Nursing Process Step: Intervention
MSC: NCLEX: Health Promotion and Maintenance: prevention and early detection of disease
10. The health-care worker advises a young woman who is 7 weeks pregnant to include folic
acid supplements in her diet in order to:
a. strengthen muscles in preparation for effective labor.
b. help control excessive weight gain during pregnancy.
c. reduce incidence of congenital malformations.
d. enhance the probability of carrying the pregnancy to full term.
ANSWER: C
One of the goals of Healthy People 2020 is to promote use of folic acid supplements early
in pregnancy. Ideally, folic acid supplements, or adequate dietary folic acid, should be
recommended early in the pregnancy to help prevent congenital malformations, especially
spina bifida.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: p. 8 OBJ: 4
TOP: Folic acid KEY: Nursing Process Step: Intervention
, MSC: NCLEX: Health Promotion and Maintenance: prevention and early detection of disease
11. Guidelines for “baby-friendly” hospitals include:
a. information about immunizations.
b. active support of parent–baby bonding.
c. control of peri-delivery infection.
d. encouragement to breastfeed for the first year of life.
ANSWER: D
Baby-friendly hospitals encourage breastfeeding during the first year of life.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: p. 8 OBJ: 4
TOP: Baby-friendly hospitals KEY: Nursing Process Step: Planning MSC: NCLEX:
Health Promotion and Maintenance: growth and development
12. The statistic widely used to compare the health status of different populations is:
a. incidence of specific infections such as AIDS or smallpox.
b. maternal mortality rate.
c. infant mortality rate.
d. health insurance coverage.
ANSWER: C
Infant mortality rates are used worldwide as an indicator of the health of a nation.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: p. 8 OBJ: 3
TOP: Healthy People progress KEY: Nursing Process Step: Intervention
MSC: NCLEX: Health Promotion and Maintenance: prevention and early detection of disease
13. A health-care worker who is planning a health education program for geriatric adults based
on the goals of Healthy People 2020 would include: a. smoking cessation.
b. drug and alcohol abuse.
c. education about medications.
d. fall prevention.
ANSWER: D
Reducing falls will reduce the incidence of hip fracture, which continues to be a problem,
especially among elderly females.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: p. 9 OBJ: 4
TOP: Health education KEY: Nursing Process Step: Planning
MSC: NCLEX: Health Promotion and Maintenance: prevention and early detection of disease
14. The role of the professional nurse has evolved to include:
a. providing direct care to patients at the bedside.
b. managing care to cure health problems once they have occurred.
c. planning patient care to cover longer hospital stays.
d. forming legislation for policies and practices related to health care.
ANSWER: D
, Nurses are no longer simply providing bedside care. Their role now includes
policymaking, global health education planning, working as change agents for traditional
health-care systems, and so on.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: p. 11 OBJ: 5
TOP: World health KEY: Nursing Process Step: NA MSC: NCLEX: NA
15. Adults over the age of 65 can significantly reduce their health risk by:
a. using herbal remedies.
b. getting annual vaccines for influenza and pneumonia.
c. engaging in a mild exercise regimen.
d. eating three large, well-balanced meals a day.
ANSWER: B
Annual immunizations against pneumonia and influenza significantly reduce morbidity
from these diseases.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: p. 9 OBJ: 4
TOP: Issues and goals related to phases of the life cycle
KEY: Nursing Process Step: Planning
MSC: NCLEX: Health Promotion and Maintenance: prevention and early detection of disease
MULTIPLE RESPONSE
16. The new topic areas in the Healthy People guidelines established in 2011 for consideration
for Healthy People 2020 include: (Select all that apply.) a. adolescent health.
b. social determinants of health.
c. blood disorders for adolescents.
d. gay, lesbian, and transgender health concerns.
e. teen pregnancies.
ANSWER: A, B, C, D
The new topics initiated by the Healthy People 2020 guidelines in 2011 include adolescent
health, blood disorders and safety, early and middle childhood, genomics, global health,
health-care associated infections, health-related concerns for gay, lesbian, and transgender
patients, dementia in older adults, preparedness, sleep health, and social determinants of
health.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Analysis REF: p. 1 OBJ: 1
TOP: New Healthy People topics KEY: Nursing Process Step: NA MSC: NCLEX:
NA
COMPLETION
17. Criteria used to measure health-related concepts are referred to as .
ANSWER:
Health indicators
Health indicators are measurements of health-related concepts such as increased
availability to health care and changing level of tobacco use.
, DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: p. 2 OBJ: 3 TOP: Health indicators
KEY: Nursing Process Step: NA MSC: NCLEX: NA
18. The life expectancy at birth in the United States is above years.
ANSWER: 78
seventy-eight seventy eight
The life expectancy at birth in the United States is 78.49 years.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: p. 7, Table 1-2 OBJ: 3 TOP: Life expectancy
in the United States
KEY: Nursing Process Step: Intervention
MSC: NCLEX: Health Promotion and Maintenance: growth and development
19. In addition to injuries, the leading causes of death in adolescents and young adults aged 15
through 24 years are and .
ANSWER:
suicide, homicide homicide, suicide
According to the Healthy People review, suicide and homicide are among the leading causes of death in
this age-group.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: p. 6, Box 1-1 OBJ: 4
TOP: Issues and goals related to phases of the life cycle (adolescent and young adult) KEY: Nursing
Process Step: NA MSC: NCLEX: NA
,Chapter 2: Government Influences
on Health Care Test Bank
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Changes in health-care delivery systems have been influenced primarily by:
a. institution of various systems to provide cost-effective health care.
b. governmental regulation of the cost of all health-care services.
c. the need to meet the health-care needs of an aging population.
d. development of medical technology that has reduced the incidence of illness.
ANSWER: A
Increasing health-care costs have led to initiation of health-care delivery systems to contain cost
while providing care. Cost control addressing national health goals, entitlements, use of
available sources, and identification of changing health-care needs is the basic goal of these
systems.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Analysis REF: p. 23 OBJ: 3
TOP: Health-care reform KEY: Nursing Process Step: NA
MSC: NCLEX: NA
2. The purpose of the state/national government program of Medicaid is to provide:
a. immunizations for preschool children.
b. prescription drugs at a lower cost.
c. medical care on the basis of need or poverty.
d. community clinics for wom e n an d c hi ld re n .
ANSWER: C N U R S I N G T B . COM
Medicaid is similar to a welfare program in which benefits are provided on the basis of need or
poverty.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: p. 19, Box 2-3
OBJ: 3 TOP: Medicaid KEY: Nursing Process Step: NA
MSC: NCLEX: NA
3. A student is preparing a report on the history of the Women, Infants, and Children (WIC)
program would acquire the most useful information from:
a. Health, United States.
b. the Department of Health and Human Services.
c. the Federal Register.
d. the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
ANSWER: C
Federal legislation related to health care is recorded and published in the Federal Register.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: p. 20 OBJ: 1
TOP: Department of Health and Human Services KEY: Nursing Process Step: NA
MSC: NCLEX: NA
4. The Human Genome Project has the potential to reduce health-care costs by assisting
health-care providers to:
, a. detect illnesses before they become chronic.
b. prevent chromosomal related illnesses.
c. identify the most effective drugs for specific diseases.
d. design low cost complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) remedies.
ANSWER: A
The Human Genome Project gives health-care providers the potential to detect illnesses
before they become chronic.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: p. 23 OBJ: 6
TOP: Human Genome Project KEY: Nursing Process Step: NA
MSC: NCLEX: NA
5. The Tax Equity Fiscal Responsibility Act of 1982 (TEFRA) established the development of:
a. diagnosis-related groups (DRGs).
b. Medicaid access for the poor.
c. aid to families with dependent children.
d. maternal and child health services block grants.
ANSWER: A
TEFRA amended the Social Security Act to establish the development of DRGs in 1982.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: p. 21, Table 2-1
OBJ: 2 TOP: Diagnosis-related groups KEY: Nursing Process Step: NA
MSC: NCLEX: NA
6. The scope of practice for nursing is stipulated by the:
a. American Nurses AssociatiNon U. RSINGTB.COM
b. Board of Nurse Examiners.
c. Nursing Licensure Pact.
d. Nurse practice act.
ANSWER: D
Nurse practice acts of each state establish the scope of practice for nursing in that state.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: p. 15 OBJ: 4
TOP: Nurse Practice Acts KEY: Nursing Process Step: NA
MSC: NCLEX: NA
7. The roles of the nurse have changed as a result of the national health-care focus on:
a. illness prevention and health maintenance.
b. increased accountability to professional codes and international standards of care.
c. treatment of disease or disability.
d. planning for nationalized health care.
ANSWER: A
Prevention and early intervention appear to be critical to reducing health-care costs and are at the
heart of the objectives of Healthy People 2020.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: p. 24 OBJ: 6
TOP: Illness prevention KEY: Nursing Process Step: NA
MSC: NCLEX: NA
