MSN 277: Adult Health (Med/Surg ) Unit
2: Cancer Overview Questions With
Complete Solutions
2nd leading cause of death in US
Anxiety and fear
RN role in pt care related to cancer correct answer: Decrease risk of cancer development
Increase rates of cancer screening
Help with treatment compliance
Support patient and family members
cancer prevention goal as nurse and how to go about it correct answer: *Goal/job as nurse*: decrease fears
*How*: encourage mamograms, prostate scans, skin checks, lifestyle modification
If diagnosis occurs: when they should go to treatment, how often
to see doctor, get the family on board as a support system
2 major dysfunctions in process of cancer correct answer: 1. Defect in Cellular Proliferation (cell death and growth are usually in equilibrium)
2. Defect in Cellular Differentiation
Cancer correct answer: Uncontrolled cell growth; haphazard/unregulated/disorganized Cells don't line up properly in cancer - loss of inhibition or "contact inhibition"
In cancer, cells are undifferentiated - fetal/stem cells "unspecific"
Proliferates at the ______ rate as the original cells correct answer: same (cancer does not grow faster)
All cells start out as ______ cells. Specificity is the different type of cell per organ they are found in otherwise known as a cell is "__________" depending on the organ found in correct answer: fetal
differentiated
how many functions do mature cells perform correct answer: 1
are cancer cells mature or immature? correct answer: immature because they are undifferentiated from the others aka reverted to
fetal cells
Proto-oncogenes correct answer: Normal gene; maintains maturity; promotes cell growth
Oncogenes correct answer: Tumor inducing genes; cell reverts back to simplicity of a fetal cell who is exposed to carcinogens? correct answer: Everyone is exposed to carcinogens; our body's immune system wards it off with tumor suppressor genes
A healthy person has tumor suppressor genes but with cancer, there are tumor _______ genes known as _______ correct answer: inducing
oncogenes
Immunologic Surveillance correct answer: Lymphocytes check cell-surface antigens; detect & destroy abnormal cells
Natural killer cells (NK) lyse tumor cells
Oncofetal Antigens correct answer: Tumor antigen found in cancer cells and fetal cells
Represent a shift of cancer cells to immature metabolic pathway,
like fetal cells
Used to diagnosis success of treatment or recurrence of cancer
Immune system fails to fight off cancer = correct answer: a person develops it
Who is at risk for cancer overpowering the immune system? correct answer: Immunocompromised individuals (HIV, organ transplant (on immunosuppressants so they can protect the new organ))
CEA (Carcinoembryonic Antigen): correct answer: colon cancer
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