DHA EXAM MATERIAL 2023 BY ESLAM WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS
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Course
ANAESTHESIA
Institution
ANAESTHESIA
Before meal PC
• After meal PRN
• As needed (Dangerous abbreviation) HS - BT
• At bedtime PO
• By oral PR
• By rectum OD
• Once a day BID
• Twice a day TID
• Thrice a day QID
• Four times a day Tw
• Twice a week QD
• Every day QOD
• Every other day QH
• Every ...
AC • Before meal
PC • After meal
PRN • As needed (Dangerous abbreviation)
HS - BT • At bedtime
PO • By oral
PR • By rectum
OD • Once a day
BID • Twice a day
TID • Thrice a day
QID • Four times a day
Tw • Twice a week
QD • Every day
QOD • Every other day
QH • Every hour
QAM • Every morning
QPM • Every night
Q4H • Every 4 hours
BD • Before dinner
BBF • Before breakfast
Per diem • Daily – Per day
C • With
CC • Cubic centimeter
S • Without
Rx • Treatment
Hx • History
Dx • Diagnosis
Fx • Fracture
G - Gm • Gram
Gr • Grain
Oz • Ounce
Mg • Milligram
Mcg • Microgram
Meq • Milliequivalent
TSF • Teaspoonful = 5 ml
IM • Intramuscular
IV • Intravenous
ID • Intradermal
SC - SQ • Subcutaneous
SOS • If needed
Cap • Capsule
, Eslam Fahmy
https://t.me/splenotes
00201011922837
Protein
❖ Essential and non-essential amino acids
Essential Non-essential
I Isoleucine The rest
Love Lysine
Lucy Leucine
Very Valine
Much Methionine
Please Phenylalanine
Try Tryptophan
To Threonine
Help Histidine
Arginine Arginine
• Glycine and Taurine amino acids → conjugation in liver
• There are 4 amino acids that are considered the best when it comes to producing keratin: Cysteine, Lysine,
Arginine and Methionine. M A L C →→ Present in hair and nail.
, Eslam Fahmy
https://t.me/splenotes
00201011922837
Classification of adverse drug reactions
Type Features Examples Management
A Augmented • Common 1- Drugs with narrow TI ✓ Reduce dose or withhold
• Related to pharmacological action. 2- Toxic effects of drugs:
• Predictable • Digoxin toxicity
✓ Low mortality (↓↓) • Serotonin toxicity with SSRI
• Dose related • Anticholinergic effects of TCA
B Bizarre • Uncommon 1- Penicillin hypersensitivity ✓ Withhold and avoid in future
• Not related to pharmacological action. 2- Idiosyncratic reactions:
• Unpredictable • Acute porphyria
High mortality (↑↑) • Malignant hyperthermia
• Non-dose related • Pseudo allergy
C Chronic • Uncommon 1- Cortisone for long time cause ✓ Reduce dose or withhold.
• Dose related → Related to cumulative dose suppression of Hypothalamic pituitary ✓ withdrawal may have to be
• Time related adrenal axis. prolonged.
D Delayed • Uncommon 1- Teratogenicity ✓ Intractable
• Time related 2- Carcinogenesis
3- Tardive dyskinesia
E End of use (Withdrawal) • Uncommon 1- Opiate withdrawal syndrome ✓ Reintroduced
• Occur soon after withdrawal of drug. 2- Beta blocker withdrawal ✓ withdraw slowly
• Myocardial ischemia)
F Failure • Common 1- Oral contraceptive failure when taken ✓ Increase dosage
• Often caused by drug interaction with enzyme inducer drug.
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