This document is a summary of the ATPL subject Radio Navigation. You can use it as an easy way to get started, a refresher for your theory or a quick way to check if you know the essential parts of the subjects short before your exam. I made the summary while i was studying for my ATPL theory, i p...
Section 1 – Radio Navigation Basics
Basic Radio Principles… ............................................................. 2
VHF Direction Finding… .............................................................. 5
NDB and ADF. ........................................................................... 5
VOR and Doppler VOR ................................................................ 8
Distance Measuring Equipment (DME) ..................................... 10
Section 2 – Landing systems
Instrument Landing System (ILS) ............................................. 11
Microwave Landing System (MLS) ............................................ 12
Section 4 – GNSS and PBN
Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) ............................. 17
Performance Based Navigation (PBN)… .................................... 19
1
, Chapter 1 – Basic Radio Principles
Electron Flow
-Atom = central nucleus around which electrons orbit
-Electrons = negatively charged
-Protons = positively charged
-Electron flow = 2 atoms -> electron transfers from negative to positive one
Electrical Current
-AC = Alternating current
-DC = Direct current
-Pulsating = Varying current strength
-EMR = Electromagnetic radiation
Radio Wave Formula (c = f x λ)
-λ = Lambda = wavelength (m)
-f = Hertz = cycles per second (hz)
-c = velocity of propagation = 3 x 10^8 (m/s)
Equipment Frequencies
NDB 190 – 1750 kHz
Radio Spectrum
HF Communication 2 – 25 MHz
-VLF = 3 – 30 kHz ILS Marker 75 MHz
-LF = 30 – 300 kHz ILS Localizer 108 – 112 MHz
-MF = 300 kHz – 3 MHz VOR 108 – 118 MHz
-HF = 3 – 30 MHz VHF Communication 118 – 137 MHz
-UHF = 300 MHz – 3 GHz ILS Glide Slope 328.6 – 335.4 MHz
-SHF = 3 – 30 GHz DME 960 – 1215 MHz
-EHF = 30 – 300 GHz SSR/TCAS 1030 – 1090 MHz
MLS 5031 – 5091 MHz
Weather Radar 9375 MHz
Attenuation
-Meaning = reduction signal strength due to absorption/scattering/dispersion
-Geometrical dispersion = signal reduction as it spreads out over increasing area
Polarisation
-Magnetic field/ electric field = at right angles to each other and direction of motion energy
-Polarisation of radio wave = alignment of electric field
-LF/MF/HF = use horizontally polarized antennas
-High frequency communication = use vertically polarized antennas
-Different polarisation = cos angle between aerials = signal strength
-Circular polarisation = simultaneous horizontal and vertical polarisation
-H = magnetic wave
-E = electric wave
-TX = Transmitter
-RX = Receiver
2
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller larsgerritsen1. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $5.94. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
