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AQA A-LEVEL HISTORY Component 1H Tsarist and Communist Russia, 1855–1964 QP 2023
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AQA A-LEVEL HISTORY Component 1H Tsarist and Communist Russia, 1855–1964 QP 2023
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AQA A-LEVEL HISTORY Component 1H Tsarist and Communist Russia, 1855–1964 QP 2023A-level
HISTORY
Component 1H Tsarist and Communist Russia, 1855–1964
Wednesday 24 May 2023 Morning Time allowed: 2 hours 30 minutes
Materials
For this paper you must have:
• an AQA 16-page answer book.
Instructions
• Use black ink or black ball-point pen.
• Write the information required on the front of your answer book. The Paper Reference is
7042/1H.
• Answer three questions.
In Section A answer Question 01.
In Section B answer two questions.
Information
• The marks for questions are shown in brackets.
• The maximum mark for this paper is 80.
• You will be marked on your ability to:
– use good English
– organise information clearly
– use specialist vocabulary where appropriate.
Advice
• You are advised to spend about:
– 1 hour on Question 01 from Section A
– 45 minutes on each of the two questions answered from Section B.
, 2
IB/M/Jun23/E5 7042/1H
Section A
Answer Question 01.
Extract A
There were significant strains and tensions in Tsarist society before 1917. In the 1890s
Russia had embarked on rapid industrialisation, yet the absolutist monarchy had refused
to admit to political power the industrial and professional classes created in this process.
The consequent explosion in 1905 and the granting of the October Manifesto offered
Tsardom a new opportunity to foster stability. Absolutism gave way to constitutional 5
monarchy. Although doubt must exist as to whether the Tsar succeeded in creating a
wider basis of support, it would be incorrect to deduce from the wave of strikes in 1912–
14 that Nicholas II faced a truly revolutionary threat before 1914. There was no possibility
that the forces opposed to Tsardom could have formed a united coalition and destroyed
the monarchy. It was the Great War that intensified, to breaking point, the political and
social stresses which pre-war policies had temporarily addressed, but without providing a 10
lasting solution. It was the Great War that destroyed the Romanov dynasty.
Adapted from RB Mckean, The Russian Constitutional Monarchy, 1907–17,1977
Extract B
The February/March revolution came as a surprise to everyone, both those within Russia
and those abroad. From the 1890s, socialists of all types had ardently desired revolution
and the abolition of the Romanov dynasty, yet there is no evidence that any of these
groups saw the impending storm. Even Lenin, in Switzerland, was pessimistically
preparing himself for the awful reality of not seeing revolution in Russia in his lifetime.
5
However, even without the need for leaders, the ordinary workers and soldiers took over.
In Petrograd, strikes involving workers, women and young people grew throughout
February 1917 until the Tsarist government had a general strike on its hands. Even then,
Nicholas II did not feel unduly insecure and many Duma members, although wanting to
end the existing government, still upheld the monarchy. The new element in the situation
was the changed mood of the soldiers. Almost bloodlessly, workers and soldiers forced 10
the Tsar’s abdication. Imperial Russia collapsed with breathtaking suddenness.
Adapted from M McCauley, The Russian Revolution and Soviet State 1917–1921, 1984
IB/M/Jun23/7042/1
H
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